I - i
-í /iː/ aff. Etym: MR. -í; OR. -ī; PR. *-ī; PH. *-ijɯ(s); PL. *-iɟɯ. EN derivative adverbial ending. comp: -úb. adj: -iș. phonology causes stem vowel raising; the comparative ending, from PL. *-(j)awb-, does not cause stem vowel raising and becomes -júb only after light stems grammar the adverbial equivalent of -iș Notes sometimes pronounced /j/ after light stems, creating diphthongs sometimes, e.g. <-eí> /ei/, colloquially spelt <-ej> accordingly Variants -j ‘colloquial light stem spelling’.
í /i(ː)/ int. Etym: MR. hé, hei; OR. hǫ; likely from *PL. *kajʔ- (NEG). EN no. DE nein. PL nie. syn. ei.
ieas /ias/ n. Etym: from earlier gjieas; MR. gjéhss; OR. ɣǫhss; PR. *ɣǫhhs; PH. *ghɤ̄́p̄əṯəs; PL. *gʱaj<pa>t- ← *gʱajt- (to be hot). EN fever. spirant stem, count noun. stem: ieHH-. gen: ieak. dat: ieà. acc: ieat. ins: ieúr. pl: iere. gen pl: ieaștris, ieaș.
iebt /iept/ v. Etym: MR. gjébbtt; OR. ɣǫbbtt; PR. *ɣǫhbht ← *ɣǫhs (hot) + *-bht. EN heat, heat up. DE heizen, erheizen. PL grzać, ogrzewać, ogrzać. transitive. stem: ieb-. npst: iepe : iepa : iepș : iepú. pst: iebei. npst adv: ievivú. pst adv: iebúl. ger: iebunș. see: ỉs; -bt.
ients /ients/ n. Etym: MR. gjínts; OR. ɣīnts; PR. *ɣijimts; PH. *ghíhimtəs; PL. *gʱi-him-t’a- ← PL. *him- (life force). EN story, tale. light stem, count noun. stem: ient-. gen: ientsk. dat: ienta. acc: ientst. ins: ientvúr. pl: ientre.
ièrfjestra /iˈɛrfjɛstra/ n. Etym: MR. ilírfjistra ← ilírft (to suffocate) + jistra (substance). EN nitrogen. DE Stickstoff. PL azot. light stem, mass noun. stem: ièrfjeste-. gen: ièrfjestisk. dat: ièrfjesten. acc: ièrfjestest. ins: ièrfjestevúr. see: ièrft; istra.
ièrft /ˈi.ɛrft/ v. Etym: MR. ilírft; OR. irīrft; PR. *irīrɸht; PH. *irī́rph-; PL. *ʔi<ríp>rpʰ- ← *ʔirpʰ- (to writhe). EN suffocate. intransitive. stem: ièrf-. npst: ièrfe : ièrfa : ièrfș : ièrfú. pst: ièrfei. npst adv: ièrfivú. pst adv: ièrfúl. ger: ièrfinș.
iestre /ˈiestrɛ/ n. Etym: changed from jyestre in a spelling reform; MR. jýssre, jýss; OR. jȳþþre; PR. *jȳhθir; PH. *jȳ́khthis; PL. *ɟiwkʰ-tʰ- ← *ɟiwkʰ- (to be warm). EN south (direction). DE Süden. PL południe. ant. bjenþre. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: ies-. gen: iesk. dat: iesa. acc: iest. ins: iesúr. grammar long nominative is standard when referring to the compass direction
ies /ies/ EN south (region). grammar short nominative is standard when referring to borders Ies Gârjeșesk South Korea.
inuot /ˈinuot/ v. Etym: MR. inútt; OR. inuwtt; PR. *inuɣht (present inu(w)-); PH. *inúgh- (present inúkh-); PL. *ʔi<nú>gʱ- ← *ʔujgʱ- (to knead, to shape).1 • EN shape, mold, form.
2 • EN mint (coins). transitive, irregular*. stem: in[o^u]v-. npst: inúe (PR. *inuwur) : inova (PR. *inuwa) : inuș* (PR. *inuhși) : inovú. pst: inuvei. npst adv: inûvivú. pst adv: inovúl. ger: inovunș.
ir /ir/ adp. Etym: unexpected apocope of -a, which is maintained in the pronominal suffix; MR. jra; OR. jra; PR. *jar; PH. *ḏjes; PL. *djes- (apart). EN without. DE ohne. PL bez. grammar governs the accusative Variants -ira ‘pronominal suffix’. vest-ira without me.
-ír /iːr/ aff. Etym: MR. -ér; OR. -ēr; PR. *-ēr; PH. *-éḡis; PL. *-ég-. EN creates an occupational agent noun from a verb. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: -eG-. gen: -í. dat: -ea. acc: -íd. ins: -eúr. pl: -íre. phonology zero-grade usage consistent until Proto-Radic; sporadic zero-grade usage by Old Radestrian; no modern zero-grade usage Notes typically used when the agent is contracted and/or remunerated for their services; for non-remunerated agency, see -udzs see: -udzs.
ira- /ira/ aff. Etym: see ir. EN un-, in-, dis-. DE ent-. PL znie-, roz-. grammar applied to verbs see: ir.
iravíruokș /ˈiraviːruokʃ/ adj. Etym: old passive participle of iravjedt. EN open. DE geöffnet. PL otwarty. ant. víruokș. comparable. stem: iravírúk-. comp: iravírúkuobș. see: iravjedt.
iravjedt /iravjɛt/ v. Etym: MR. jrałédtt ← jra- + łédtt, synchronically ira- + vjedt. EN open. DE öffnen, aufmachen. PL otworzyć, otwierać. ant. vjedt. transitive. stem: iravíd-. npst: iravjete : iravíta : iravjetș : iravítú. pst: iravíei. npst adv: iravjezdivú. pst adv: iravídúl. ger: iravídunș. see: ira-; vjedt.
irâs /ˈirɤs/ n. Etym: MR. jruss; OR. jroþþro; PR. *jrohθur; PH. *jróhthus; PL. *ɟroh-tʰ- ← *ɟroh- (to embrace). EN smile. DE Lächeln. PL uśmiech. heavy stem, count noun. stem: irâs-. gen: irâsk. dat: irâsa. acc: irâst. ins: irâsúr. pl: irâstre.
irâstrut /ˈirɤstrɤt/ v. Etym: previously spelt irustrut; changed in a spelling reform by analogy with irâs; synchronically irâs + -rut; MR. jrussrutt ← jruss + -rutt. EN smile. DE lächeln. PL uśmiechać się. intransitive. stem: irâstru-. npst: irâstrui : irâstruva : irâstruș : irâstruvú. pst: irâstruei. npst adv: irâstruivú. pst adv: irâstrủl. ger: irâstrunș. see: irâs; -rut.
irgúr /ˈirguːr/ n. Etym: from earlier ir(u)lgúr, doublet of rulgúr; MR. jrulgór; OR. jrulɣōr; PR. *jrulhōr; PH. *jrulṯóḡus; PL. *ɟrult-óg- ← *ɟræwlt- (to pass, to go by). EN end. DE Ende. PL koniec. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: irgoG-. gen: irgí. dat: irgoa. acc: irgúd. ins: irgoúr. pl: irgíre. see: rulgúr.
irgyet /ˈirgiet/ v. Etym: from earlier ir(u)lgyet; MR. jrulgýtt; OR. jrulɣȳtt; PR. *jrulhȳtht; PH. *jrulṯȳ̱t-; PL. *ɟrult-íwtʼ- ← *ɟræwlt- (to pass, to go by). EN pass, elapse, go by. DE vergehen. intransitive. stem: irgýt-. npst: irgyete : irgyeta : irgyetș : irgyetú. pst: irgýșei. npst adv: irgyestivú. pst adv: irgýtúl. ger: irgýtinș.
iruomt /ˈiruomt/ v. Etym: MR. jrómtt; OR. jrōmtt; PR. *jrōmht; PH. *jrōm-; PL. *ɟrodʱ-m̥- ← *ɟrodʱ- (fortunate). EN laugh. DE lachen. PL śmiać się. intransitive. stem: irúm-. npst: iruonve : iruonva : iruomș : iruonvúr. pst: irúmei. npst adv: iruomivú. pst adv: irúmúl. ger: irúmunș.
iryelbre /iˈrielbrɛ/ n. Etym: kuoat (to seem); MR. jrǿlmre; OR. jrø̄lmre; PR. *jręlhmir; PH. *jrø̄́lṯmis; PL. *ɟræwlt-me- ← *ɟræwlt- (to pass, to go by). EN phenomenon. DE Phänomen. PL zjawisko. light stem, count noun. stem: iryelmi-. gen: iryelmisk. dat: iryelmin. acc: iryelmist. ins: iryelmivúr. pl: iryelmire.
iryels /ˈiriels/ n. Etym: MR. jrǿlss; OR. jrø̄lss; PR. *jręlhs; PH. *jrø̄́lṯəs; PL. *ɟræwlt- (to pass, to go by). EN past. DE Vergangenheit. PL przeszłość. spirant stem, count noun. stem: iryelḤ-. gen: iryelg. dat: iryelga. acc: iryeld. ins: iryelgúr. pl: iryeldre. gen pl: iryelștris.
irýeș /iˈriːɛʃ/ adj. Etym: iryels + -iș, from earlier iryeljeș. EN past, previous, former, prior, earlier. incomparable. adv: irýí. see: iryels; -iș.
irýí /iˈriːː/ adv. Etym: irýeș + -í. EN previously, formerly, in the past, prior. incomparable. adj: irýeș. see: -í.
istesligír /isˈtɛsligiːr/ n. Etym: isteslis + -ír. EN chemist. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: istesligeG-. gen: istesligí. dat: istesligea. acc: istesligíd. ins: istesligeúr. pl: istesligíre. see: isteslis; -sligír.
isteslis /isˈtɛslis/ n. Etym: istra + -slis. EN chemistry. spirant stem, mass noun. stem: istesliḤ-. gen: isteslig. dat: istesliga. acc: isteslid. ins: istesligúr. see: istra; -slis.
istra /ˈistra/ n. Etym: MR. jistra; OR. jiþcra; PR. *jiθcer; PH. *jithkés; PL. *ɟitʰ-k’é- ← *ɟajtʰ- (to do). EN material, substance, fabric. DE Stoff, Gewebe. light stem, count noun. stem: iste-. gen: istisk. dat: isten. acc: istest. ins: istevúr. pl: istere.
isuovs /iˈsuofs/ n. Etym: MR. issôłs; OR. iþþôls; PR. *ihθôls ← êhθht (to conceive). EN idea, concept. heavy stem, count noun. stem: isúv-. gen: isúvu. dat: isúva. acc: isuovd. ins: isúvúr. pl: isuovre. see: jást.
-iș /iʃ/ aff. Etym: MR. -(i)ș; OR. -(i)šjre; PR. *-(i)šjir; PH. *-(i)c̱jis; PL. *-icj-, *-ece-. EN adjectival ending. comp: -(j)uobș. Variants -ș. phonology causes stem vowel raising; becomes -eș after -j-, -ș-, -ķ- and -x-; the comparative ending, from PL. *-(j)awb-, does not cause stem vowel raising and becomes -juobș only after light stems grammar -iș is most common as a derivative, with -ș found in fossilised adjectives or after light stems; all adjectives must end in -ș adv: -í.
-iștre /iʃtrɛ/ aff. EN nominalised adjectival ending. heavy stem, count noun. gen: -ișk. dat: -ișa. acc: -ișt. ins: -ișúr. pl: -iștre. hjeriștre the white one(s).
ișt /iʃt/ v. Etym: MR. gjyștt; OR. gyštt; PR. *gwišht; PH. *ḡwich-; PL. *gwicʰ- (to ponder). EN plan. DE planen. PL planować. transitive. stem: iș-. npst: ișe : ișa : iș : ișú. pst: ișei. npst adv: ișevú. pst adv: ișúl. ger: ișenș.