R - r

ra₁   /ra/ /rɤ/ adp. Etym: MR. & OR. hra; PR. *har; PH. *p̄os; PL. *pos (after).1 • EN behind. DE hinter. PL za.

2 • EN for (amount of time in the future). DE für. PL przez.

3 • EN about. DE über. PL o.

4 • EN after; in (amount of time in the future).

5 • EN as (role). DE als. PL jako. grammar sense 1 governs the accusative referring to approach; the dative referring to position grammar senses 2 and 3 govern the accusative grammar senses 4 and 5 govern the dative Notes sense 1 (spatial) refers to posterior position Notes sense 2 (temporal) refers to time yet to elapse Notes sense 4 (temporal) refers to subsequence Variants -̃ra ‘pronominal suffix’; -gra ‘pronominal suffix (after -n)’.

ra₂   /ra/ /rɤ/ adp. Etym: MR. & OR. hra; PR. *hɨr; PH. *ḵɯs; PL. *kɯs (off).1 • EN off, from. DE von, ab. PL z, od.

2 • EN than. DE als. PL niż, od. grammar governs the genitive Notes if spatial, it refers to departure from a horizontal (superior) surface Notes if temporal, it refers to the beginning of a time frame Variants -̃ra ‘pronominal suffix’. kuo-ra from now (on).

rabs   /raps/ n. Etym: MR. (a)rabbs; OR. arabbs; PR. *arahbs ← *arahbht (to die). EN death. DE Tod. PL śmierć. heavy stem, mass noun, irregular*. stem: r[a^â]b-. gen: râv. dat: raba. acc: raud. ins: rabúr. see: rabt.

rabt   /rapt/ v. Etym: MR. (a)rabbt; OR. arabbtt; PR. *arahbht (to die); PH. *aráp̄b- (to become pale); PL. *m̥<ráp>b- ← *mab- (pale). EN die. DE sterben. PL umierać, umrzeć. intransitive, irregular*. stem: r[a^â]b-. npst: rape : rapa : rapș : râpú. pst: râbei. npst adv: raubivú*. pst adv: rabúl. ger: rabunș.

rads   /radz/ n. Etym: MR. & OR. rads; PR. *ards; PH. *árḏəs; PL. *ʔard- (Water). EN water (flowing), stream. syn. hjas. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: rad-. gen: razg. dat: rada. acc: razd. ins: radúr.

radxestra   /raˈdʒɛstra/ n. Etym: MR. radjistra ← rads (water) + jistra (substance). EN hydrogen. DE Wasserstoff. PL wodór. light stem, mass noun. stem: radxeste-. gen: radxestisk. dat: radxesten. acc: radxestest. ins: radxestevúr. see: rads; istra.

raiþs   /raiθs/ n. Etym: MR. rajþs; OR. ræjþs; PR. *ræjθs (bird); PH. *sæjthəs; PL. *sæɟ-tʰ- ← *sæɟ- (to make sounds). EN bird. DE Vogel. PL ptak. heavy stem, count noun. stem: r[ai^ei]þ-. gen: reisk, raisk (proscribed), reșk (archaic). dat: raiþa. acc: raist, rașt (archaic). ins: raiþúr. pl: raiþre.

raķ   /ratʃ/ v. Etym: MR. raţţ; OR. ræjtt; PR. *ræjht (rèji-); PH. *sæj-; PL. *sæɟ- (to make sounds). EN sound. DE klingen, sich anhören. PL brzmieć. intransitive, irregular*. stem: r[a^e]j-. npst: rai* : raja : rajș : rejú. pst: ríe* : ríș* : ríú*. npst adv: raivú*. pst adv: rajúl. ger: ránș*. grammar followed by an adverbial predicate see: Moí rajș. ‘Sounds good.’.

ralír   /ˈraliːr/ n. Etym: MR. rallér; OR. rallēr; PR. *rahlēr; PH. *sap̄léṯis; PL. *(s)n̥p-lét-; PL. *(s)nep- (to cut). EN sword, blade. spirant stem, count noun. stem: raleH-. gen: ralig. dat: raleva. acc: raled. ins: ralevúr. pl: ralíre.

raoþs   /rɔːθs/ n. Etym: MR. & OR. rôþs; PR. *ôrθs; PH. *ɔ̄́rthəs; PL. *ʔaw<r>tʰ- ← *ʔawtʰ- (smooth). EN stone. DE Stein. PL kamień. heavy stem, count noun. stem: raoþ-. gen: raosk. dat: raoþa. acc: raost. ins: raoþúr. pl: raoþre.

rastra   /ˈrastra/ n. Etym: MR. & OR. raccra; PR. *rahcer; PH. *sap̄kés; PL. *(s)n̥p-k’é- ← PL. *(s)nep- (to cut).1 • EN edge. PL krawędź. syn. tvír.

2 • EN corner (physical edge of a convex/external corner). ant. sjarus.

3 • EN edge (mathematics).

4 • EN hem (clothing). light stem, count noun. stem: race-. gen: racisk. dat: racen. acc: racest. ins: racevúr. pl: racere. Notes refers to a physical edge, where two surfaces meet; as an English analogy, this refers to corners you can only be ‘on’, but not ‘in’ or ‘at’ Notes Sense 2 must refer to a two-dimensional edge that consistutes a corner: rastra joins two surfaces, not two points. Slabei víúr racest holcisk. I hit my foot against the edge/corner of the door. Jáeþú racest virș-t ralig. They shall know the edge of my sword.

raș₁   /raʃ/ n. Etym: MR. rașș; OR. ræšs; PR. *ræšs (voice; gen. ræjejg); PH. *sǽp̄əjəs; PL. *sæ<pæ>ɟ-æs ← *sæɟ- (to make sounds). EN voice. DE Stimme. PL głos. heavy stem, count noun, irregular*. stem: r[aș^ai*]-. gen: raij*, raí/rașk/raișk (proscribed). dat: rașa. acc: rașt. ins: rașúr. pl: raștre.

raș₂   /raʃ/ /rɤʃ/ adp. Etym: ra + -ș. EN as, like. DE wie. PL jak. grammar governs the relevant case see: ra₁; -iș.

rașair   /ˈraʃair/ n. Etym: MR. rașair; OR. rašair; PR. *rašawir; PH. *sachákhwis; PL. *smicʰ- (to purr). EN kitten. light stem, count noun. stem: rașai-. gen: rașaisk. dat: rașain. acc: rașaist. ins: rașaivúr. pl: rașaire.

razvdt   /rasft/ /rast/ v. Etym: MR. razvdtt, razudtt; OR. ræðvdtt; PR. *ræðbdht; PH. *sǽdhəḇɟ-; PL. *sæ<dʱæb>ɟ- ← *sæɟ- (to make sounds).1 • EN play (music), make music. DE spielen.

2 • EN play (audio; IT). transitive. stem: razvd-, raz[v^ø]*d- (archaic). npst: rasfte : rasfta : rasftș : rasftú, razøtú*. pst: razvjei, razøjei*. npst adv: razvzdivú. pst adv: razvdúl. ger: razvdenș. grammar the music played is in the accusative, whereas the instrument is in the instrumental Variants razudt (razote; razojei). see: rezodír.

râs   /rɤs/ n. Etym: MR. russ; OR. roþþro; PR. *rohθur; PH. *róhthus; PL. *roh-tʰ- ← roh- (to strike). EN hit, strike, blow, attack. heavy stem, count noun. stem: râs-. gen: râsk. dat: râsa. acc: râst. ins: râsúr. pl: râstre. see: roat.

re   /rɛ/ pron. Etym: short oblique forms were shortened by analogy; MR. & OR. re; PR. *re; PH. *se; PL. *seʔ (oblique *sneʔ-). EN you, thou, thee (2S informal). gen: rask : rátú. dat: ran : rá, rava. acc: rast : rátad. ins: rábúr. poss: lirș : liriș. see: ú ‘1S’; dzun ‘1P inclusive’; dzate ‘1P exclusive’; re ‘2S informal’; lește ‘2S formal’; sjáște ‘2P’; sja ‘2 royal’; lair ‘2 deity’; vâs ‘3S animate’; vír ‘3P animate’; vara ‘3S, 3P inanimate’; sted ‘1D inclusive (you and I)’.

re-   /rɛ/ aff. Etym: MR. & OR. ri(n)-; PR. *ri(n); PH. *ri(n)-; PL. *ri(n)-. EN good, eu-. ant. hrâ-.

refedraus   /rɛˈfɛdraus/ n. Etym: refír + -draus. EN weaving. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: refedr[a^o]v-. gen: refedrovu. dat: refedrá, refedrava. acc: refedraud. ins: refedravúr. see: refír; -draus.

refír   /ˈrɛfiːr/ n. Etym: MR. refér; OR. refēr; PR. *irɸēr ← *irɸht + *-ēr. EN weaver, webber. DE Wever. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: refeG-. gen: refí. dat: refea. acc: refíd. ins: refeúr. pl: refíre. see: reft; -ír.

reft   /rɛft/ v. Etym: MR. reftt; OR. reftt; PR. *irɸht; PH. *irph-; PL. *ʔirpʰ- (to writhe). EN weave. transitive. stem: ref-. npst: refe : refa : refș : refú. pst: refei. npst adv: refivú. pst adv: refúl. ger: refinș.

rekuos   /ˈrɛkuos/ n. Etym: MR. rikúss (idol); OR. rikūss; PR. *rikūhs (statue); PH. *ri(n)kū́ḵɯs; PL. *ri(n)-k’ɯwk- ← *k’ɯwk- (image). EN idol. spirant stem, count noun. stem: rekúH-. gen: rekuog. dat: rekúva. acc: rekuod. ins: rekúvúr. pl: rekuojre.

rembleșeș   /ˈrɛmblɛʃɛʃ/ adj. Etym: rembleștre + -ș. EN happy. DE glücklich. PL szczęśliwy. comparable. stem: rembleșe-. comp: rembleșejuobș. see: rembleștre; -iș.

rembleștre   /rɛmˈblɛʃtrɛ/ n. Etym: MR. & OR. rimlešre; PR. *rimlèšir; PH. *rimlɛ́ḵjis; PL. *ri(n)-m̥l-ǽkje- ← *myl- (to feel). EN happiness. DE Glück. PL szczęście. light stem, mass noun. stem: rembleșe-. gen: rembleșesk. dat: rembleșen. acc: rembleșest. ins: rembleșevúr.

rengedzs   /ˈrɛŋgɛdz/ n. Etym: MR. ringedzs; OR. rinhedþre; PR. *rinhedθir; PH. *rinhéḏthis; PL. *ri(n)-hed-tʰ; PL. *hed- (white). EN elf. heavy stem, count noun. stem: ren[ge^je]dz-. gen: renjezg, rengizg (proscribed). dat: rengedza. acc: rengezd. ins: rengedzúr. pl: rengezdre.

renstensligír   /ˈrɛnstɛnsligiːr/ n. Etym: renstenslis + -ír. EN archaeologist. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: renstensligeG-. gen: renstensligí. dat: renstensligea. acc: renstensligíd. ins: renstensligeúr. pl: renstensligíre. see: renstenslis; -sligír.

renstenslis   /ˈrɛnstɛnslis/ n. Etym: MR. rinstinsliss; OR. rinstimsliss ← renstimre + -sliss. EN archaeology. spirant stem, mass noun. stem: renstensliḤ-. gen: renstenslig. dat: renstensliga. acc: renstenslid. ins: renstensligúr. see: renstims; -slis.

renstimans   /ˈrɛnstimans/ n. Etym: MR. rinstimanss; OR. rinstimænss; PR. *rinstimænhs; PH. *rinstimǽnṯəs; PL. *ri(n)-stim-ǽnt- ← *stɯjm- (old). EN antiquity, ancient times. PL starożytność. spirant stem, mass noun. stem: renstim[a^e]nḤ-. gen: renstimeng. dat: renstimanga. acc: renstimand. ins: renstimangúr. see: restimiș; restimș.

renstimiș   /ˈrɛnstimiʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. rinstimiș; OR. rinstimišjre; PR. *rinstimir, rinstimišjir, backformed from *rinstimænhs, see renstimans. EN antique, ancient, old. comparable. stem: renstim-. comp: renstimuobș. see: renstimans; renstims.

renstims   /ˈrɛnstims/ n. Etym: MR. rinstims; OR. rinstimre; PR. *rinstimir, see renstimiș. EN relic, antique. DE Relikt. PL relikt, przeżytek. heavy stem, count noun. stem: renstim-. gen: rensting. dat: renstima. acc: renstimd. ins: renstimúr. pl: renstimbre. see: renstimiș; renstimans.

restrat   /ˈrɛstrat/ v. Etym: re- + strat. EN win. intransitive. stem: restratH-. npst: restrate : restrata : restratș : restratú. pst: restratșei. npst adv: restratșevú. pst adv: restratúl. ger: restratunș. see: re-; strat.

restretỉr   /ˈrɛstrɛtiːːr/ n. Etym: re- + stretỉr. EN win, victory. ant. hrâstretỉr. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: restretie-. gen: restretỉ. dat: restretiea. acc: restretỉd. ins: restretieúr. pl: restretỉre. gen pl: restretỉris, restretỉes. see: re-; stretỉr.

retyestre   /rɛˈtiestrɛ/ n. Etym: MR. røtýstre, retýstre; OR. røtȳstre ← nominalised present participle of røtȳtt, see retyet. EN future. DE Zukunft. PL przyszłość. light stem, count noun. stem: retyesti-. gen: retyestisk. dat: retyestin. acc: retyestist. ins: retyestivúr. pl: retyestire. see: retyet.

retyet   /ˈrɛtiet/ v. Etym: MR. røtýtt, retýtt; OR. røtȳtt; PR. *ratȳtht, *røtȳtht; PH. *satȳ́t-; PL. *(s)n̥t’-íwt’-; PL. *(s)nat'- (to become). EN become. DE werden zu. PL stać się, zostać. copula. stem: retýt-. npst: retyete : retyeta : retyetș : retyetú. pst: retýșei. npst adv: retyestivú. pst adv: retýtúl. ger: retýtinș. grammar As a copula, it takes two nominative arguments. grammar when an adjective is the predicate, some sort of characteristic is implied: for stative predicates, the adverb is used instead Virș dvaos hvarþjaudzs retýtúl-aș. My son has become a cryomancer. Detuobș retyeta! You're getting taller! (characteristic). Detúb retyeta! You're getting taller! (state; unexpected, e.g. you have just drunk a magic make-me-taller potion).

-revieķ   /rɛvietʃ/ aff. Etym: revieķ.1 • EN cut into, divide into, split into.

2 • EN divide by (mathematics). transitive. stem: -rev[ie^í]G-. npst: -revieke : -revieka : -reviekș : -revíkú. pst: -revídzei. npst adv: -reviedxevú. pst adv: -revieúl. ger: -revỉenș. grammar appended to the ordinal stem lirerevieķ to divide by three, cut into thirds. see: revieķ.

revieķ   /rɛˈvietʃ/ v. Etym: MR. rivieţţ; OR. riviejtt ← riviēr (part).1 • EN part, divide, split.

2 • EN divide (mathematics). transitive. stem: rev[ie^í]G-. npst: revieke : revieka : reviekș : revíkú. pst: revídzei. npst adv: reviedxevú. pst adv: revieúl. ger: revỉenș. Sjavaķenvier·as reviexdruvivú ljájúr deaș ljerd. (Sjavaķenvier·as liereviexdruvivú deaș ljerd.) Twenty-one divded by seven is three. see: revỉr.

-revỉr   /rɛviːːr/ aff. Etym: revỉr. EN derives fractions. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: -revie-. gen: -revỉ. dat: -reviea. acc: -revỉd. ins: -revieúr. pl: -revỉre. gen pl: -revỉris, -revỉes. grammar appended to the ordinal stem lirerevỉr a third. rvaus vjeirevỉ two fifths. see: revỉr.

revỉr   /ˈrɛviːːr/ n. Etym: MR. riviér; OR. riviēr; PR. *riβijēr; PH. *ribhiṯéḡis; PL. *ri(n)-bʱit-ég- ← *bʱæjt- (to give). EN part. DE Teil. PL część. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: revie-. gen: revỉ. dat: reviea. acc: revỉd. ins: revieúr. pl: revỉre. gen pl: revỉris, revỉes.

revíuozs   /rɛˈviːuoz/ n. Etym: gjáreķ + -uozs. EN division (mathematics). heavy stem, count noun. stem: revíúz-. gen: revíuozg. dat: revíúza. acc: revíuozd. ins: revíúzúr. pl: revíuozdre. see: revieķ; -uozs.

rezodír   /ˈrɛzɔdiːr/ n. Etym: MR. rizvdér, rizudér; OR. riðvdēr ← ræðvdtt + -ēr, cf. razvdt. EN musician. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: rezodeG-. gen: rezodí. dat: rezodea. acc: rezodíd. ins: rezodeúr. pl: rezodíre. Notes historically excluded singers (orizír), but is now used with singers included Orizír rașúr rasftș. Rezodír-aș! A singer makes music with their voice. They're a musician! see: razvdt; -ír.

Rieș   /rieʃ/ propn. Etym: MR. Riyșș; OR. Riyšþre; PR. *rigwišθir; PH. *rigwíchthis; PL. *rin-gwicʰ-tʰ- (wisdom) ← *gwicʰ- (to think). EN Riesh (Radestrian given name). DE Riäsch (rädestrischer Name). PL Rzesz (radestryjskie imię). heavy stem, count noun. stem: Rieș-. gen: Rieșk-. dat: Rieșa. acc: Rieșt. ins: Rieșúr. pl: Rieștre.

rílír   /ˈriːliːr/ n. Etym: MR. rílér; OR. ðīlēr; PR. *ðijlejir; PH. *dhijléṯis; PL. *dʱiɟ-lét- ← *dʱeɟ- (to clean). EN natron. spirant stem, mass noun. stem: ríleH-. gen: rílig. dat: ríleva. acc: ríled. ins: rílevúr.

rỉns   /riːːns/ n. Etym: MR. réins; OR. rēinre; PR. *rējinir; PH. *rḗḵinis; PL. *rejk-en- ← *rejk- (to cover). EN roof. DE Dach. PL dach. heavy stem, count noun. stem: rỉn-. gen: rỉng. dat: rỉna. acc: rỉnd. ins: rỉnúr. pl: rỉndre. Variants riens ‘dialectal’.

rívaceans   /ˈriːvatsæːns/ n. Etym: MR. rīłacianss; OR. rijlaciænss; PR. *riglacijænhs; PH. *riglakihǽnṯəs; PL. *rin-glm̥-k'i-hǽnt- ← *glem- (to ripen). EN harvest, reward, bounty. spirant stem, mass noun. stem: rívac[ea^ie]nḤ-. gen: rívacieng. dat: rívaceanga. acc: rívaceand. ins: rívaceangúr.

rívojeș   /ˈriːvɔjɛʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. rívojiș; OR. rûvojišjre; PR. *rɨ̄βhs, *rɨ̄βojišjir (thief/criminal). EN criminal. incomparable. see: rjøs.

ríþair   /ˈriːθair/ n. Etym: MR. ríþair; OR. rīþair; PR. *rijθawir ← *ræjþs + *-awir (DIM). EN chick (young bird). light stem, count noun. stem: ríþai-. gen: ríþaisk. dat: ríþain. acc: ríþaist. ins: ríþaivúr. pl: ríþaire. see: raiþs; -air.

rjaovs   /rjɔːfs/ n. Etym: MR. riôls, rjôls; OR. riôls; PR. *rijôls; PH. *sijɔ̄́ləs; PL. *siɟ-áwl- ← *sæɟ- (to make sounds). EN word. DE Wort. PL słowo. heavy stem, count noun. stem: rjaov-. gen: rjaovu. dat: rjaova. acc: rjaovd. ins: rjaovúr. pl: rjaovre.

rjâzdra   /ˈrjɤzdra/ n. Etym: MR. rizzra; OR. riððra; PR. *rihðor; PH. *riḵdhós; PL. *rik-dʱó- ← *rejk- (to cover). EN eyelid. light stem, count noun. stem: rjâzo-. gen: rjâzusk. dat: rjâzun. acc: rjâzust. ins: rjâzovúr. pl: rjâzore.

rjet   /rjɛt/ v. Etym: MR. (la)rétt, reanalysed as la + rétt; OR. rarǫttt; PR. *rarǫtht; PH. *sazɤ̄́t-; PL. *(s)n̥<záj>t’- ← PL. *(s)nat’- (to become).1 • EN realise, make real. DE realisieren.

2 • EN happen, occur (passive). transitive. stem: rít-. npst: rjete : rjeta : rjetș : rjetú. pst: ríșei. npst adv: rjestivú. pst adv: rítúl. ger: rítunș. Variants larjet ‘archaic’. Rjetrúș. It's happening.

rjøs   /rjœs/ n. Etym: MR. rívss; OR. rûvss; PR. *rɨ̄βhs (rɨ̄βohg) (thief); PH. *sɯ̄́bhəṯəs (punished); PL. *sɯʔ-bʱat- ← *sɯʔ- (1) + *bʱat- (eye). EN thief. DE Dieb. PL złodziej. spirant stem, count noun, irregular*. stem: rív(^u)H-. gen: rívug, rjøg (proscribed). dat: rjøà*. acc: rjød. ins: rjøúr*. pl: rjøre. gen pl: rjøștris. see: rívuiș.

rlans   /rlans/ n. Etym: MR. lrans, rlans; OR. lranro; PR. *lrwanur; PH. *ləḏuḡónus; PL. *l̥<du>g-ón- ← *log- (5). EN finger. DE Finger. PL palec. heavy stem, count noun. stem: rl[a^u]n-. gen: rlung. dat: rlana. acc: rland. ins: rlanúr. pl: rlandre.

rlâzierds   /ˈrlɤzierdz/ n. Etym: deverbal of rlâzierdt.1 • EN sign, symbol.

2 • EN diacritic, accent. heavy stem, count noun. stem: rlâzierd-. gen: rlâzierzg. dat: rlâzierda. acc: rlâzierzd. ins: rlâzierdúr. pl: rlâzierdre. Variants lâzierds. rlâzierds hjaoșeștre grave accent. rlâzierds dzavjeștre hook accent. see: rlâzierdt.

rlâzierdt   /ˈrlɤziert/ v. Etym: MR. (r)luzzérdtt; OR. lrŭzzǫrdtt; PR. *lrɨhzǫrdht; PH. *lrəp̄zɤ̄́rd-; PL. *l<r̥p><záj>rd- ← *lɯrd- (to see). EN show. DE zeigen. transitive. stem: rlâzierd-. npst: rlâzierte : rlâzierta : rlâziertș : rlâziertú. pst: rlâzierjei. npst adv: rlâzierzdivú. pst adv: rlâzierdúl. ger: rlâzierdunș. Variants lâzierdt. Rlâziertra. Show me.

rlierdt   /rliert/ v. Etym: MR. (r)lírdtt; OR. lrûrdtt; PR. *lrɨ̄rdht; PH. *lərɯ̄́rd-; PL. *l̥<rɯ́p>rd- ← *lɯrd- (to see).1 • EN be seen, be visible. PL widnieć.

2 • EN show oneself. intransitive. stem: rlierd-. npst: rlierte : rlierta : rliertș : rliertú. pst: rlierjei. npst adv: rlierzdivú. pst adv: rlierdúl. ger: rlierdunș. Variants lierdt. Hjeaș rlierdta. You can't see it. Nie widać.

rmies   /rmies/ n. Etym: MR. rméss; OR. rmǫþþro; PR. *rmǫhθur; PH. *smɤ̄́ḵthus; PL. *(s)mojk-tʰ- ← *(s)mojk- (to slip away). EN eel. DE Aal. PL węgorz. heavy stem, count noun. stem: rmies-. gen: rmiesk. dat: rmiesa. acc: rmiest. ins: rmiesúr. pl: rmiestre.

rmiș   /rmiʃ/ n. Etym: MR. rmișș; OR. rmišre; PR. *rmišir; PH. *smíchis; PL. *smicʰ- (to purr). EN cat. DE Katze, Kater. PL kot. heavy stem, count noun. stem: rmiș-. gen: rmișk. dat: rmișa. acc: rmișt. ins: rmișúr. pl: rmiștre.

rneat   /rnæːt/ v. Etym: MR. rnehtt; OR. rnehtt; PR. *rnehht; PH. *snep̄-; PL. *(s)nep- (to cut). EN cut (into). transitive. stem: rn[e^i]H-. npst: rnei : rneà : rneaș : rniú. pst: rnișei. npst adv: rneșevú. pst adv: rnevúl. ger: rnienș.

rnelcyt   /ˈrnɛltsit/ v. Etym: MR. rnilcytt; OR. rnilcytt; PR. *rnilcyht; PH. *snilký-; PL. *snic’-l̥k’ý- ← *snejc’- (steam). EN disappear, vanish. intransitive. stem: rnelcy-. npst: rnelcye : rnelcyva : rnelcyș : rnelcyvú. pst: rnelcyei. npst adv: rnelcývú. pst adv: rnelcyúl. ger: rnelcynș.

rnes   /rnɛs/ n. Etym: MR. rness; OR. rneþþs; PR. *rnehþir; PH. *snép̄this; PL. *(s)nep-tʰ-; PL. *(s)nep- (to cut). EN knife. heavy stem, count noun. stem: rn[e^i]s-. gen: rnisk. dat: rnesa. acc: rnest. ins: rnesúr. pl: rnestre.

rniembre   /ˈrniembrɛ/ n. Etym: MR. rnémre; OR. rnēmre; PR. *rnēmir; PH. *snḗmis; PL. *(s)nep-me- ← *(s)nep- (to cut). EN power. DE Macht. PL moc. light stem, count noun. stem: rními-. gen: rnímisk. dat: rnímin. acc: rnímist. ins: rnímivúr. pl: rnímire.

rņelfans   /ˈrŋɛlfans/ n. Etym: MR. rņelfans; OR. rŋelfæns; PR. *rŋilɸæns; PH. *sŋilphǽnəs; PL. *sŋilpʰ-ǽn- ← *sŋæjlpʰ- (to desire). EN sadness. DE Traurigkeit. PL smutek. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: rņelf[a^e]n-. gen: rņelfeng. dat: rņelfana. acc: rņelfand. ins: rņelfanúr.

rņelfeat   /ˈrŋɛlfæːt/ v. Etym: rņelfíș + -at. EN regret. DE bedauern. PL żałować. transitive. stem: rņelfea-. npst: rņelfeae : rņelfeava : rņelfeaș : rņelfeavú. pst: rņelfeaei. npst adv: rņelfeaìvú. pst adv: rņelfeaúl. ger: rņelfeanș. grammar takes a genitive object see: rņelfíș; -at.

rņelfíș   /ˈrŋɛlfiːʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. rņilfíș; OR. rŋilfīšjre (missing); PR. *rŋilɸīšjir, rŋilɸēr (wanting); PH. *sŋilphéḡis; PL. *sŋilpʰ-ég- ← *sŋæjlpʰ- (to desire).1 • EN sad. DE traurig. PL smutny.

2 • EN missing (feeling the absence of). DE vermissend. PL tęskniący za. comparable. stem: rņelfeG-. comp: rņelfeuobș. grammar sense 2 takes a genitive object Rņelfeí vage. I'm sad. Rņelfeí vage rask. I miss you.

rņuoft   /rŋuoft/ v. Etym: MR. rņóftt; OR. rŋōftt; PR. *rŋwǫɸht; PH. *sŋwɤph-; PL. *sŋwajpʰ- (to constrict). EN squeeze. transitive. stem: rņúf-. npst: rņuofe : rņuofa : rņuofș : rņuofú. pst: rņúfei. npst adv: rņuofivú. pst adv: rņúfúl. ger: rņúfunș.

roas   /rɔas/ pron. Etym: MR. ruhss (rujísk; lujír), the plural was levelled with the dissimilated liquids; OR. rŭhss (rŭjûsk; rŭjûr); PR. *rɨhhs (rɨjɨ̄tg; rɨjɨjir); PH. *sɯ́p̄ɯhɯs; PL. *sɯ́<pɯ>ʔ- ← *sɯʔ- (1). EN each (one). gen: rojesk. dat: roà. acc: rojest. ins: roíbúr. pl: loír. gen pl: lojes : loíris. Notes officially, the pronominal form can only have animate referents, whereas the equivalent for inanimate referents would be the nominalised form of roíș: rojeștre; it is common to hear roas used for inanimate objects nonetheless. see: roíș.

roat   /rɔat/ v. Etym: MR. ruhtt; OR. rohtt; PR. *rohht; PH. *roh-; PL. *roh- (to strike). EN strike, collide with. transitive. stem: r[o^u]H-. npst: rui : roà : roaș : rûú. pst: rușei. npst adv: rûșevú. pst adv: rovúl. ger: ruonș. see: râs.

roíș   /ˈrɔ.iːʃ/ /rɔiʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. rujíș; OR. rŭjûšjre; PR. *rɨjɨ̄šjir ← *rɨhhs (each one). EN each, every. DE jeder. PL każdy. incomparable. see: roas; vaoș ‘all’.

roþeistra   /rɔˈθeistra/ n. Etym: MR. roþejistra ← roþér (mineral) + jistra (substance). EN lithium. light stem, mass noun. stem: roþeiste-. gen: roþeistisk. dat: roþeisten. acc: roþeistest. ins: roþeistevúr. see: roþír; istra.

roþír   /ˈrɔθiːr/ n. Etym: MR. roþér; OR. roþēr; PR. *urθēr ← *ôrθs (stone) + -ēr. EN mineral. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: roþeG-. gen: roþí. dat: roþea. acc: roþíd. ins: roþeúr. pl: roþíre. see: raoþs.

røat   /rœat/ v. Etym: MR. røhtt; OR. røhtt; PR. *rwehht; PH. *rweḵ-; PL. *rwek- (to hold/find). EN take. DE nehmen. PL brać, wziąć. transitive. stem: r[ø^y]H-. npst: røi : røà : røaș : ryú. pst: ryșei. npst adv: røșevú. pst adv: røvúl. ger: røjnș.

rølķestra   /rœlˈtʃɛstra/ n. Etym: MR. rølkjistra ← rylciș (uneven) + jistra (substance). EN zinc. light stem, mass noun. stem: rølķeste-. gen: rølķestisk. dat: rølķesten. acc: rølķestest. ins: rølķestevúr. see: rylciș; istra.

-rt   /-rt/ aff. Etym: MR. -rtt; OR. -rtt; PR. *-rht; PH. *V-r-; PL. *-r̥-. EN denominal verbaliser. intransitive, transitive. stem: -r-. npst: -rge : -rga : -rș : -rgú. pst: -rei. npst adv: -rivú. pst adv: -rúl (archaic). ger: -rVnș. Variants -rut ‘after non-light stems’.

-rú-   /ruː/ aff. Etym: MR. -rú-, -ruv-; OR. -rŭv-; PR. *-rɨβ-; PH. *-rəbh-; PL. *-r̥bʱ- (mediopassive). EN verbal passiving infix. phonology inserted after the stem before a verbal ending after all mutations have been applied; reverts stem raising in the 3P indicative Notes originally only used in conjugations; now it can be seen in non-finite forms and participles too Variants -ruv- ‘prevocalic (except before 1S non-past -e)’. Vjerúe. ← vjei (**vjeHH-e) I am carried. Vjeștruvei ý hrax. ← víș-ei I was carried by the wind. Aurastrúvuoș dzars. ← auras-vuoș A song is being sung. Aurezdruveș dzars. ← aurez-eș A song was sung. Aurastruvú dzars. ← aures-ú Songs are sung. vardruot ← vard-t to be seen. caoþruot ← caos-t to be wasted. deștruvivú ← deșevú (**deș-ivú) (whilst) being made. spendruvú ← spen-ú having been stolen. Skaombruonș ý dzirș dvaod ven veniș-aș... ← skaomunș (**skaom-unș) Being remembered by my son is new to me...

rú-   /ruː/ aff. Etym: MR. rú-; OR. rū-; PR. *ruw-, rub-; PH. *ruḇ-; PL. *ru(b)-. EN re-, again. DE wieder-. Variants ruo- ‘archaic broken form’.

rulgúr   /ˈrɤlguːr/ n. Etym: doublet of irgúr.1 • EN demise, downfall.

2 • euphemistic. EN death. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: rulgoG-. gen: rulgí. dat: rulgoa. acc: rulgúd. ins: rulgoúr. pl: rulgíre. see: irgúr.

ruogra   /ˈruogra/ n. Etym: MR. rúgra; OR. rŭfɣra, rŭvɣra; PR. *(h)rɨɸɣor; PH. *(h)rəphghós; PL. *ʔr̥pʰ-gʱó- ← *ʔirpʰ- (to writhe). EN snake. DE Schlange. PL wąż. light stem, count noun. stem: rúgo-. gen: rúgusk. dat: rúgun. acc: rúgust. ins: rúgovúr. pl: rúgore.

ruolt   /ruolt/ v. Etym: MR. rúltt; OR. ðūltt; PR. *dūlht, ðūlht (to be sunny); PH. *ḏūl-; PL. *dɯwl- (to be bright). EN be sunny. DE sonnig sein. PL świecić (słońce). intransitive, impersonal. stem: rúl-. npst: ruolș. pst: rúleș. Ruolș kjelvusk. It's sunny today.

ruopt   /ruopt/ v. Etym: MR. róptt; OR. rōptt; PR. *owurpht (to call out); PH. *óhurp-; PL. *ʔo~ʔorp’- ← *ʔorp’- (to cry, to complain). EN call, cry out to, beckon. transitive. stem: rúp-. npst: ruope : ruopa : ruopș : ruopú. pst: rúpei. npst adv: ruofivú. pst adv: rúpúl. ger: rúpunș. grammar governs the dative

-rut   /-rut/ aff. Etym: MR. -rutt; OR. -rŭtt; PR. *-rɨht; PH. *-rə-; PL. *-r̥-. EN denominal verbaliser. intransitive, transitive. stem: -ru-. npst: -rui : -ruva : -ruș : -ruvú. pst: -ruei. npst adv: -ruivú, -rivú (archaic). pst adv: -rủl, -rúl (archaic). ger: -runș. Notes reanalysed as a light stem Variants -rt ‘after light stems’.

rvas   /rvas/ n. Etym: MR. rvass; OR. rwæss; PR. *rwæhs; PH. *swǽp̄əs; PL. *swæp- (hollow stalk). EN pen. spirant stem, count noun. stem: r[va^ø]H-. gen: røg. dat: rvá. acc: rvad. ins: rvavúr. pl: rvaire.

rvaus   /rvaus/ num. Etym: MR. rvaus; OR. rwaws; PR. *rwaws; PH. *rwáḇəs; PL. *rwab- (two). EN two (2). heavy stem. stem: rvav-. gen: rvavu. dat: rvá. acc: rvaud. ins: rvavúr. see: atíș ‘ordinal’.

rvaviș   /ˈrvaviʃ/ adj. Etym: rvaus + -iș. EN dual, double. incomparable. stem: rvav-. see: rvaus; -iș.

rvyeņs   /rvieŋs/ n. Etym: MR. rvǿņs; OR. rwø̄ŋre; PR. *rwęŋir; PH. *rwǿ̱ŋys; PL. *rwewŋ- (field). EN field. DE Feld. PL pole. heavy stem, count noun. stem: rvýņ-. gen: rvyeņg. dat: rvýņa. acc: rvyeņd. ins: rvýņúr. pl: rvyeņgre.

rvýņeșeí   /ˈrviːŋɛʃɛ.iː/ /ˈrviːŋɛʃei/ adv. Etym: rvýņeșeș + -í. EN in Polish. DE auf Polnisch. PL po polsku. comparable. stem: rvýņeșe-. comp: rvýņeșejúb. adj: rvýņeșeș. see: -í.

rvýņeșeistra   /ˈrviːŋɛʃeistra/ n. Etym: calque of polonium. EN polonium. light stem, mass noun. stem: rvýņeșeiste-. gen: rvýņeșeistisk. dat: rvýņeșeisten. acc: rvýņeșeistest. ins: rvýņeșeistevúr. see: Rvýņeștre; istra.

rvýņeșeș   /ˈrviːŋɛʃɛʃ/ adj. Etym: Rvýņeștre + -ș. EN Polish. DE polnisch. PL polski. comparable. stem: rvýņeșe-. comp: rvýņeșejuobș. adj: rvýņeșeí. see: Rvýņeștre; -iș.

Rvýņeștre   /ˈrviːŋɛʃtrɛ/ propn. Etym: rvyeņs + -eștre, a calque of Polska. EN Poland. DE Polen. PL Polska. light stem. stem: Rvýņeșe-. gen: Rvýņeșesk. dat: Rvýņeșen. acc: Rvýņeșest. ins: Rvýņeșevúr. see: rvyeņs; -eștre.

ryezvat   /ˈriezvat/ v. Etym: from earlier iryezvat; MR. jrǿzłatt; OR. jrø̄ðlatt; PR. *jręðɨlhht; PH. *jrø̄́dhəlt-; PL. *ɟræw<dʱæb>lt- ← *ɟræwlt- (to pass, to go by). EN end, finish, complete, put an end to, bring to an end, terminate. DE beenden. transitive. stem: ryezvaḤ-. npst: ryezvai : ryezvá : ryezvaș : ryezvaú. pst: ryezvașei. npst adv: ryezvașevú. pst adv: ryezvagúl. ger: ryezvagenș.

rylciș   /ˈriltsiʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. rylciș; OR. rylcišjre; PR. *rwilcišjir; rwelcir; PH. *zwélkis; PL. *zwelk’- (edge). EN uneven, jagged, wonky. DE schief. comparable. stem: rølk-. comp: rølkuobș.