D - d
dánt /daːnt/ v. Etym: MR. dántt; OR. dāntt; PR. *dānht (dôn-); PH. *ḏəḡán-; PL. *da<gá>n- ← *dan- (to recite). EN lull. PL kołysać. transitive. stem: d[á^ao]n-. npst: dánge : dánga : dánș : daongú. pst: daonei. npst adv: dánivú. pst adv: dánúl. ger: dánunș. grammar takes a dative object
dars /dars/ n. Etym: MR. & OR. dars; PR. *dars; PH. *dárəs; PL. *ⁿdar- (to cut off). EN paper. DE Papier. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: d[a^o]r-. gen: doru. dat: dara. acc: dard. ins: darúr.
dást /daːst/ v. Etym: MR. dástt; OR. dǣþtt; PR. *dǣþht (to wield); PH. *ɟɛ̄th-; PL. *ᶮɟæjtʰ- (to grab). EN wield. transitive. stem: dáþ-. npst: dáþe : dáþa : dáþș : dáþú. pst: dáþei. npst adv: dásivú. pst adv: dáþúl. ger: dáþunș.
dâvocyt /ˈdɤvɔtsit/ v. Etym: MR. dułłucytt; OR. dullŭcytt; PR. *dullɨcyht; PH. *ḏulləký-; PL. *dul-l̥k’ý- ← *dɯwl- (to be bright). EN let know, tell, inform. transitive. stem: dâvocy-. npst: dâvocye : dâvocyva : dâvocyș : dâvocyú. pst: dâvocyei. npst adv: dâvocývú. pst adv: dâvocyúl. ger: dâvocynș. grammar takes a dative object Dâvocye ran. I'll let you know.
deat /dæːt/ v. Etym: MR. dehtt; OR. dehtt; PR. *dehht; PH. *deṯ-; PL. *ⁿdet- (to make). EN do, make. DE machen. PL robić, zrobić. transitive, irregular*. stem: d[e^i]H-. npst: dei : deà : deaș : diú, dy. pst: dișei. npst adv: deșevú. pst adv: devúl. ger: djenș*.
denure /ˈdɛnurɛ/ n. Etym: Denure. EN galaxy. DE Galaxie. PL galaktyka. light stem, count noun. stem: denvu-. gen: denvusk. dat: denvun. acc: denvust. ins: denvuvúr. pl: denvure. see: Denure.
Denure /ˈdɛnurɛ/ propn. Etym: MR. Denuro; OR. Denwro; PR. *Demɣur; PH. *Démghus; PL. *ⁿdem-gʱo- ← *ⁿdem- (milk). EN the Milky Way. DE die Milchstraße. PL Droga Mleczna. light stem. stem: Denvu-. gen: Denvusk. dat: Denvun. acc: Denvust. ins: Denvuvúr. see: denure.
derat /ˈdɛrat/ v. Etym: MR. & OR. diratt; PR. *dirahtht; PH. *ḏiráp̄t-; PL. *di<ráp>t’- ← *dajt’- (to elevate). EN float, hover, fly. DE schweben. intransitive. stem: der[a^â]t-. npst: derate : derata : deratș : derâtú. pst: derâșei. npst adv: derastivú. pst adv: deratúl. ger: deratunș.
des /dɛs/ n. Etym: MR. dess; OR. deþþre; PR. *dehθir; PH. *déṯthis; PL. *ⁿdet-tʰ- ← *ⁿdet- (to make). EN fact. heavy stem, count noun. stem: d[e^i]s-. gen: disk. dat: desa. acc: dest. ins: desúr. pl: destre. see: desúr.
desúr /ˈdɛsuːr/ adv. Etym: des. EN in fact. DE tatsächlich, in der Tat. see: des.
deșlan· /ˌdɛʃlan/ aff. Etym: deșlans. EN centi-, hundred-. see: deșlans.
deșlangate /dɛʃˈlaŋgatɛ/ num. Etym: PL. *ri(n)-kjl-ænt- ← PL. *kjæl- (ten). EN two hundred (200). spirant stem. stem: deșl[a^e]nḤ-. gen: deșlangats. dat: deșlangatín. acc: deșlangatid. ins: deșlangatíe. see: atedeșlenjeș ‘ordinal’.
deșlans /ˈdɛʃlans/ num. Etym: MR. dișlanss; OR. dišlænss; PH. *diḵjlǽnṯəs, sporadic r→d; PL. *ri(n)-kjl-ænt- ← PL. *kjæl- (ten). EN one hundred (100). spirant stem. stem: deșl[a^e]nḤ-. gen: deșleng. dat: deșlanga. acc: deșland. ins: deșlangúr. see: deșlenjeș ‘ordinal’.
deșlenjeș /ˈdɛʃlɛɲɛʃ/ adj. Etym: deșlans + -iș. EN hundredth (100th). incomparable. stem: deșlanḤ-. Variants 100ș ‘abbreviation’. see: deșlans ‘cardinal’; -iș.
djáș /dʒaːʃ/ n. Etym: MR. dêșș; OR. dêšss; PR. *dêšhs (gen. *dêšehg); PH. *ḏɛ̄́c̱əṯəs; PL. *dæjc-æt- ← *dæjc- (mother). EN mother, mum. DE Mutter. PL matka. heavy stem, count noun, irregular*. stem: djáș-. gen: djáșeg*, djáșk (proscribed). dat: djáșa. acc: djáșt. ins: djáșúr. pl: djáștre.
Djușkra /ˈdʒɤʃkra/ propn. Etym: MR. Dișkra; OR. Dišɣra; PR. *dišɣor (Dishe); PH. *Ḏic̱ghós; PL. *dic-gʱó- ← *dæjc- (mother). EN Dishe (Radestrian goddess primordial). PL Dziża (radestryjska bogini pierwotna). light stem. stem: Djușko-. gen: Djușkusk. dat: Djușkun. acc: Djușkust. ins: Djușkovúr.
dolyestre /dɔˈliestrɛ/ n. Etym: MR. dulýtss; OR. dulȳtþre; PR. *dulȳtθir (light); PH. *ḏulȳtthis; PL. *dul-íwt’-tʰ- ← *dɯwl- (to be bright). EN light. DE Licht. PL światło. heavy stem, plurale tantum. stem: dolye(t)s-. gen: dolyestris. dat: dolyestrín. acc: dolyestrid. ins: dolyestrí. phonology The long plural forms assume the stem dolyets-. Variants dylyestre ‘dialectal’.
doriș /ˈdɔriʃ/ adj. Etym: dars + -iș. EN made of paper, paper-related, papery. incomparable. see: dars; -iș.
dra /dra/ /drɤ/ adp. Etym: MR. & OR. dra; PR. *dɨr; PH. *ḏɯr; PL. *dɯr (for). EN for (benefactory). DE für. PL dla. grammar governs the accusative Notes refers specifically to the benefit of some party or cause Variants -dra ‘pronominal suffix (causes final -t/d and -st/zd to become -s/z)’.
draoms /drɔːms/ n. Etym: MR. & OR. drôms; PR. *dôrms; PH. *dɔ̄́rməs; PL. *daw<r>m- ← *dawm- (under). EN valley. DE Taal. heavy stem, count noun. stem: draom-. gen: draong. dat: draoma. acc: draomd. ins: draomúr. pl: draombre.
draos /drɔːs/ n. Etym: MR. & OR. nrôss (nrôhg); PR. *nôrhs (gen. *nôrohg); PH. *nɔ̄́ḏəṯəs; PL. *nawd-at- (sister) ← *nawd- (sister). EN sister. DE Schwester. PL siostra. spirant stem, count noun. stem: draoḤ-. gen: draog. dat: draoga. acc: draod. ins: draogúr. pl: draojre. see: naoruiș.
-draus /draus/ aff. Etym: MR. draus; OR. draws (book).1 • EN -(e)ry, -ure, -culture, -dom (forms the names of trades, disciplines or affiliations to groups).
2 • EN -ism (schools of thought, systems or theories). heavy stem, mass noun. stem: -dr[a^o]v-. gen: -drovu. dat: -drá, -drava. acc: -draud. ins: -dravúr. see: draus.
draus /draus/ n. Etym: MR. draus; OR. draws; PR. *draɣs (book); PH. *ḏrághəs; PL. *dragʱ- (tree). archaic. EN book. DE Buch. PL księga. syn. drávre. heavy stem, count noun. stem: dr[a^o]v-. gen: drovu. dat: drá, drava. acc: draud. ins: dravúr. pl: draure.
draut /draut/ v. Etym: MR. drautt; OR. drawtt; PR. *derght; PH. *ɟerḡ-; PL. *ᶮɟerg- (to be awake). EN guard, protect. transitive, irregular*. stem: dr[a^e]G̣-. npst: drake : draka : drakș : drekú. pst: dredzei. npst adv: draudzivú. pst adv: dravúl. ger: dravunș. grammar takes a dative object
drávre /ˈdraːvrɛ/ n. Etym: MR. drávre; OR. drāwre; PR. *draɣawir ← draɣs (book) + -awir (DIM). EN book. DE Buch. PL książka. syn. draus. light stem, count noun. stem: drávi-. gen: drávisk. dat: drávin. acc: drávist. ins: drávivúr. pl: drávire. Notes this word is no longer considered a diminutive: the diminutive form of this word is formed synchronically from draus → dravair see: draus; -air.
drege· /lie/ aff. Etym: archaic stem of dreíș. EN octo-, eight-. see: dreíș; drie· ‘ordinal’.
dregesjarus /drɛˈgɛʃarɤs/ n. Etym: drege· + sjarus. EN octagon. heavy stem, count noun. stem: dregesjarv-. gen: dregesjarvu. dat: dregesjarva. acc: dregesjarud. ins: dregesjarvúr. pl: dregesjarure. see: drege·; sjarus.
dregeșelíș /drɛˈgɛʃɛliːʃ/ adj. EN eightieth (80th). incomparable. stem: dregeșeleG-. Variants 80ș ‘abbreviation’. see: drieșalis ‘cardinal’.
dregeúr /ˈdrɛgɛ.uːr/ adv. Etym: dregír. EN eighthly, for the eighth time, the eighth time. DE achtens, zum achten Mal. PL po ósme, po raz ósmy. incomparable. Variants 8eúr ‘abbreviation’. see: dregír.
dregír /ˈdrɛgiːr/ n. Etym: MR. dregér; OR. dreɣēr; PR. *dirhēr, see dreíș. EN eighth time. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: dregeG-. gen: dregí. dat: dregea. acc: dregíd. ins: dregeúr. pl: dregíre. Variants 8ír ‘abbreviation’. see: dreíș; dregeúr ‘adverbial’.
dreíș /ˈdrɛ.iːʃ/ /dreiʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. drejíș; OR. dreɣīšjre; PR. *dirhīšjir, *dirhēr; PH. *ḏiḏəhéḡis; PL. *di-daʔ-ég; PL. *dajʔ- (eight). EN eighth (8th). incomparable. stem: drieG-. grammar the nominalised stem breaks to drieș-: drieștre (NOM), dreíșa (DAT) Variants 8ș ‘abbreviation’. see: dries ‘cardinal’.
drezdra /ˈdrɛzdra/ n. Etym: MR. nrezra; OR. nreðra; PR. *nirðor; PH. *nizdhós; PL. *niz-dʱó- ← *næjz- (to reach). EN hand, forearm, arm. PL ręka. syn. drjázs, gvuzdra, sletstra. light stem, count noun. stem: drezo-. gen: drezusk. dat: drezun. acc: drezust. ins: drezovúr. pl: drezunte; drezore.
drie· /drie/ aff. Etym: dreíș. EN eighth-. see: dreíș; drege· ‘cardinal’.
dries /dries/ num. Etym: MR. dréss; OR. drǫss; PR. *dǫrhs; PH. *ḏɤ̄́ḏəhəs; PL. *dajʔ~daʔ- (eight). EN eight (8). spirant stem. stem: dríḤ-. gen: drieg. dat: dríga. acc: dried. ins: drígúr. see: dreíș ‘ordinal’.
drieșalis /ˈdrieʃalis/ num. EN eighty (80). spirant stem. stem: dríḤ-șalis. gen: driegșalis. dat: drígașalis. acc: driedșalis. ins: dríguorșalis. Variants drieșals ‘colloquial’. see: dregeșelíș ‘ordinal’; drígașalisier· ‘prefix’.
drígașalisier· /ˌdriːgaʃalisier/ aff. EN eighty-; added in front of numbers 1-9 to form numbers 81-89. grammar this can also be applied to ordinals and any inflected cardinal forms Variants drígașalsier· ‘colloquial’. see: drieșalis.
drjázs /drjaːz/ n. Etym: MR. & OR. nrêzz (nrêzg); PR. *nêrzs, nêrzz (nêrerg); PH. *nɛ̄́ḏəzəs; PL. *næj<dæ>z- ← *næjz- (to reach). EN (upper) arm, shoulder. PL ramię. syn. kazdra, drezdra. heavy stem, count noun. stem: drjáz-. gen: drjázg. dat: drjáza. acc: drjázd. ins: drjázúr. pl: drjázdre.
drofír /ˈdrɔfiːr/ n. Etym: MR. drofér; OR. drofēr; PR. *durɸēr (flood); PH. *durphéḡis; PL. *ⁿdurpʰ-ég- ← *ⁿdewrpʰ- (dense). EN flood. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: drofe-. gen: drofí. dat: drofea. acc: drofíd. ins: drofeúr. pl: drofíre.
dromír /ˈdrɔmiːr/ n. Etym: MR. dromér; OR. dromēr; PR. *durmēr ← *dôrms (valley) + *-ēr.1 • EN valley dweller.
2 • EN dollar (currency). semi-light stem, count noun. stem: dromeG-. gen: dromí. dat: dromea. acc: dromíd. ins: dromeúr. pl: dromíre. see: draoms; -ír.
druolþs /druolθs/ n. Etym: MR. drúlþs; OR. drūlþs; PR. *dūrlθs; PH. *ḏū́rlthɯs; PL. *dɯw<r>l-tʰ-ɯs; PL. *dɯwl- (to shine). EN gold. DE Gold. PL złoto. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: druolþ-. gen: druolsk. dat: druolþa. acc: druolst. ins: druolþúr.
druoșlaþs /ˈdruoʃlaθs/ n. Etym: MR. drúșlaþs; OR. drŭwšlaþre; PR. *drɨɣšelθir; PH. *ḏrəghc̱élthis; PL. *dr̥gʱ-cél-tʰ-es ← *dragʱ- (tree) + *cel- (to know). EN druid. DE Druide. PL druid. heavy stem, count noun. stem: druoșl[a^e]þ-. gen: druoșlesk. dat: druoșlaþa. acc: druoșlast. ins: druoșlaþúr. pl: druoșlaþre.
duot /duot/ v. Etym: MR. dútt; OR. dŭvtt; PR. *dɨβht (to chase); PH. *dɯbh-; PL. *ⁿdɯbʱ- (to hunt). EN chase. DE jagen. PL gonić. transitive. stem: duv-. npst: dúe/duo/dûfe : dûva/dufa : duoș/dufș : dûvú/dufú. pst: duvei. npst adv: dúvivú. pst adv: duvúl. ger: duvunș.
dvaos /dvɔːs/ n. Etym: MR. dłôss; OR. dlôss; PR. *dôlhs (gen. *dôlohg); PH. *ḏɔ̄́ləṯəs; PL. *dawl-at- (son). EN son. DE Sohn. PL syn. spirant stem, count noun. stem: dvaoḤ-. gen: dvaog, dvaovug (dialectal). dat: dvaoga. acc: dvaod. ins: dvaogúr. pl: dvaojre.
dvâstra /ˈdvɤstra/ n. Etym: MR. dłussra; OR. dlŭþðra; PR. *dlɨθðor; PH. *ɟləthdhós; PL. *ᶮɟl̥tʰ-dʱó- ← *ᶮɟlytʰ- (spleen). EN spleen. PL śledziona. light stem, count noun. stem: dvâso-. gen: dvâsusk. dat: dvâsun. acc: dvâsust. ins: dvâsovúr. pl: dvâsore.
dvoþair /ˈdvɔθair/ n. Etym: MR. dłoþair (hour; time); OR. dloþair; PR. *dulþawir (time of day) ← dūlþs (day) + -awir (DIM).1 • EN hour. DE Stunde. PL godzina.
2 • EN time. DE Uhrzeit. light stem, count noun. stem: dvoþai-. gen: dvoþaisk. dat: dvoþain. acc: dvoþaist. ins: dvoþaivúr. pl: dvoþaire. see: dvuoþs; -air.
dvújestra /ˈdvuːjɛstra/ n. Etym: MR. Dłowojistra ← Dłúra (Uranus) + jistra (substance). EN uranium. PL uran. light stem, mass noun. stem: dvújeste-. gen: dvújestisk. dat: dvújesten. acc: dvújestest. ins: dvújestevúr. see: Dvúra; istra.
dvumt /dvɤmt/ v. Etym: MR. dvumtt; OR. dwomtt; PR. *dwomht; PH. *ḏwom-; PL. *dwom- (to say). EN say. DE sagen. PL powiedzieć, mówić. transitive. stem: dv[o^u]m-. npst: dvunve : dvunva : dvumș : dvunvú (dvonu). pst: dvumei. npst adv: dvûmivú. pst adv: dvomúl. ger: dvomunș.
dvunslis /ˈdvɤnslis/ n. Etym: MR. dvun(þ)sliss; OR. dwomþtliss ← dwomþro + tlæss.1 • EN pronunciation.
2 • colloquial. EN dialect, accent. spirant stem, count noun. stem: dvunsliḤ-. gen: dvunslig. dat: dvunsliga. acc: dvunslid. ins: dvunsligúr. pl: dvunslíre. see: dvunþs; -slis.
dvunþair /ˈdvɤnθair/ n. Etym: dvunþs + -air (DIM). EN phone, sound (linguistics). DE Laut. PL głoska. light stem, count noun. stem: dvunþai-. gen: dvunþaisk. dat: dvunþain. acc: dvunþaist. ins: dvunþaivúr. pl: dvunþaire. see: dvunþs; -air.
dvunþs /dvɤnθs/ n. Etym: MR. dvunþs; OR. dwomþro; PR. *dwomþur; PH. *ḏwómthus; PL. *dwom-tʰ- ← *dwom- (to say). EN speech, words. DE Worte. PL mowa, słowa. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: dvunþ-. gen: dvunsk. dat: dvunþa. acc: dvunst. ins: dvunþúr.
dvuoþs /dvuoθs/ n. Etym: MR. dłúþs; OR. dlūþs; PR. *dūlθs; PH. *ḏū́lthɯs; PL. *dɯwl-tʰ ← *dɯwl- (shine). EN day. DE Tag. PL dzień. heavy stem, count noun. stem: dvúþ-. gen: dvuosk. dat: dvúþa. acc: dvuost. ins: dvúþúr. pl: dvuoþre. see: dvúþal.
Dvúra /ˈdvuːra/ propn. Etym: MR. Dłúra; OR. Dlowra (Dlowe); PR. *Dulɣra (Dulgra); PH. *Ḏulghós (Thulgos); PL. *dul-gʱó- ← *dɯwl- (to be bright).1 • EN Dlowe (Radestrian goddess of the sky). PL Dłowa (radestryjska bogini nieba).
2 • EN Uranus (planet). PL Uran (planeta). light stem, irregular*. stem: Dvovo-. gen: Dvovusk. dat: Dvuon*. acc: Dvovust. ins: Dvúvúr*.
dvúþal /ˈdvuːθal/ adv. Etym: MR. dłúþal; OR. dlūþal; PR. *dūlθa (læ). EN during the day. ant. húșal. incomparable. see: dvuoþs.
dý /diː/ adv. Etym: MR. ádhǿ; OR. ādhø̄; PR. *awad hwê. EN why. DE wofür, warum. PL dlaczego, czemu, po co. syn. obúr. incomparable. Notes dý tends to imply cause or purpose, whereas obúr elicits a more general reason Variants ádý ‘archaic’. see: ý.
dýert /ˈdiːɛrt/ v. Etym: MR. dǿj(i)rtt; OR. dø̄jirtt; PR. *dęjirht; PH. *dø̄́p̄iz-; PL. *ⁿdew<pe>z- ← *ⁿdewz- (to improve). EN pray. intransitive. stem: dýer-. npst: dýerge : dýerga : dýerș : dýergú. pst: dýerei. npst adv: dýerivú. pst adv: dýerúl. ger: dýerinș.
dyest /diest/ v. Etym: MR. dǿstt; OR. dęþtt; PR. *dęθht; PH. *ɟø̄th-; PL. *ᶮɟæwtʰ- (to weave). EN tangle. transitive. stem: dýþ-. npst: dyeþe : dýþa : dyeþs : dyeþú. pst: dýþei. npst adv: dyesivú. pst adv: dýþúl. ger: dýþinș.
dymyet /ˈdimiet/ v. Etym: sporadic change from dumyet; MR. dumýtt; OR. dumȳttt; PR. *dumȳtht; PH. *ḏwmȳ́t-; PL. *dwm̥-íwt’- ← *dwom- (to say). EN talk, speak. DE sprechen, reden. PL mówić. intransitive. stem: dymýt-. npst: dymyete : dymyeta : dymyetș : dymyetú. pst: dymýșei. npst adv: dymyestivú. pst adv: dymýtúl. ger: dymýtinș.
dzabt /dzapt/ v. Etym: MR. dzabtt; OR. dzæbtt; PR. *dzæbht; PH. *gæb-; PL. *ᵑgæb- (to grow). EN swell. DE schwellen. PL puchnąć. intransitive. stem: dz[a^e]b-. npst: dzape : dzapa : dzapș : dzepú. pst: dzebei. npst adv: dzaubivú. pst adv: dzabúl. ger: dzaunș*.
dzars /dzars/ n. Etym: MR. dzars; OR. dzæss; PR. *dzæzs (song); PH. *gǽzəs; PL. *ᵑgæz- (to invoke). EN song. heavy stem, count noun. stem: dz[a^o]r-. gen: dzoru. dat: dzara. acc: dzard. ins: dzarúr. pl: dzare.
dzate /ˈdzatɛ/ pron. Etym: PR. *dzato; PH. *gjató; PL. *ᵑgjm̥-t’ó; PL. *ᵑgjɯm-. EN we, us (1P exclusive). gen: dzatus : dzatoris. dat: dzatun : dzatorín. acc: dzatud : dzatorid. ins: dzatorí. poss: dzaturș : dzatûriș. see: ú ‘1S’; dzun ‘1P inclusive’; dzate ‘1P exclusive’; re ‘2S informal’; lește ‘2S formal’; sjáște ‘2P’; sja ‘2 royal’; lair ‘2 deity’; vâs ‘3S animate’; vír ‘3P animate’; vara ‘3S, 3P inanimate’; sted ‘1D inclusive (you and I)’.
dzaus /dzaus/ n. Etym: MR. dzauss; OR. dzæwss; PR. *dzæwhs; PH. *gǽḇəḵəs; PL. *ᵑgæb-æk- ← *ᵑgæb- (to grow). EN horn. PL róg. spirant stem, count noun. stem: dzav[^e]H-. gen: dzaveg, dzaig. dat: dzava. acc: dzaud. ins: dzavúr. pl: dzaure. gen pl: dzauștriș.
dzaváþs /dzaˈvaːθs/ n. Etym: MR. dzaváþs; OR. dzævāþs; PR. *dzævāþs (dzæjēþg); PH. *ḡǽp̄āthəs; PL. *gæ<pæ>ʔ-tʰ- ← *gæʔ- (wet). EN tear. DE Träne. PL łza. heavy stem, count noun. stem: dzav[á^í]þ-. gen: dzavjesk. dat: dzaváþa. acc: dzavást. ins: dzaváþúr. pl: dzaváþre. see: dzoáþs ‘dialectal’.
dzavíș /ˈdzaviːʃ/ adj. Etym: dzaus + -iș.1 • EN hornlike. comparable. stem: dzaveH-. comp: dzavevuobș.
2 • EN hook (diacritic). incomparable. rlâzierds dzavjeștre hook accent. A dzavjeștre the letter Ả. see: dzaus; -iș.
dzazs /dzaz/ n. Etym: MR. dzazz; OR. dzæzz; PR. *dzæhzs (gen. *dzæjerg); PH. *gǽp̄əzəs; PL. *ᵑgæ<pæ>z- ← *ᵑgæz- (to invoke). EN name (of a person). DE Name. PL imię. heavy stem, count noun, irregular*. stem: dz[az^air*]-. gen: dzairu*, dzaizg (dialectal). dat: dzaza. acc: dzazd. ins: dzazúr. pl: dzazdre.
dzâlír /ˈdzɤliːr/ n. Etym: MR. dzullér; OR. dzullēr; PR. *dzuhlejir; PH. *ḡjuhléṯis; PL. *gjuh-lét- ← *gjæwh- (to swallow). EN oesophagus. spirant stem, count noun. stem: dzâleH-. gen: dzâlig. dat: dzâleva. acc: dzâled. ins: dzâlevúr. pl: dzâlíre.
dzeans /dzæːns/ n. Etym: OR. dziæns; PR. *dzijæns; PH. *ḡihǽnəs; PL. *giʔ-ǽn- ← PL. *gæʔ- (wet). EN rainstorm. heavy stem, count noun. stem: dz[ea^ie]n-. gen: dzieng. dat: dzeana. acc: dzeand. ins: dzeanúr. pl: dzeandre. see: dzieniș.
dzecliets /ˈdzɛtsliets/ n. Etym: previously dzi·cliets, an extension of dzians; MR. dzih- (self-) + clêt- (fly); it must have been a post-Middle-Radestrian innovation as the expected reflex would be dzeacliets. EN plane, airplane, aeroplane, aircraft. DE Flugzeug. PL samolot. heavy stem, count noun. stem: dzeclít-. gen: dzecliesk. dat: dzeclíta. acc: dzecliest. ins: dzeclítúr. pl: dzeclietre. see: dzi·; cĵát.
dzestas /ˈdzɛstas/ n. Etym: MR. dzistass; OR. dzisstaþþs; PR. *dzihstahθs (holiday); PH. *gihstáṯthəs (free); PL. *ᵑgih-stat-tʰ- ← *stat- (to grow). EN holiday (celebration). heavy stem, count noun. stem: dzest[a^â]s-. gen: dzestâsk. dat: dzestasa. acc: dzestast. ins: dzestasúr. pl: dzestastre.
dzi- /dzi/ pron. Etym: MR. & OR. dzih-; PR. *dzih-; PH. *gih-; PL. *ᵑgih- (REFL). Notes since a nominative form does not exist, the stem is the standard citation form1 • EN oneself (reflexive pronoun). DE sich. PL się. stem: dzi-. gen: dzisk : dzitú. dat: dzin : dziva. acc: dzist : dzitad. ins: dzibúr. poss: dzirș : dziriș. grammar applies to all persons, not just the third Jovei dzin. (**ven here is ungrammatical) I put a spell on myself.
2 • EN each other (reciprocal pronoun). DE einander. gen: dzjes : dzíris. dat: dzjen : dzírín. acc: dzjed : dzírid. ins: dzírí. poss: dzjerș : dzjeriș. Jovuos dzjen. We put a spell on each other. Jovuos dzin. We put a spell on ourselves. see: dzi· ‘derivational prefix’.
dzi· /dzi/ aff. Etym: from dzi-. EN self-, auto-. DE selbst-, auto-. PL samo-, auto-. syn. ave·. Notes usually applied in a (broadly) reflexive sense; when referring to the 'self' as its own concept to imply a sense of individuality, ave· is preferred dzi·rjestiș self-fulfilling (prophecy). see: dzi- ‘pronoun’.
dzians /ˈdzi.ans/ n. Etym: previously dzi·ans; MR. dzihhans ← dzih- (self-) + han- (walk). EN car. DE Auto. PL samochód. heavy stem, count noun. stem: dzi[a^o]n-. gen: dziung. dat: dziana. acc: dziand. ins: dzianúr. pl: dziandre. see: dzi·; fyelt.
dziedraus /ˈdziedraus/ n. Etym: dzỉr + -draus. EN architecture. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: dziedr[a^o]v-. gen: dziedrovu. dat: dziedrá, dziedrava. acc: dziedraud. ins: dziedravúr. see: dzỉr; -draus.
dzieniș /ˈdzieniʃ/ adj. Etym: dzeans + -iș. EN stormy, very rainy. comparable. stem: dzean-. comp: dzeanuobș. see: dzeans; -iș.
dzínír /ˈdziːniːr/ n. Etym: MR. dzénír; OR. dzēnīr; PR. *dzēnijir; PH. *ḡḗniṯis; PL. *gejn-et- ← *gejn- (daughter). EN daughter. DE Tochter. PL córka. spirant stem, count noun. stem: dzíniH-. gen: dzínig. dat: dzíniva. acc: dzínid. ins: dzínivúr. pl: dzíníre.
dziņs /dziŋs/ n. Etym: MR. dziņs; OR. dziŋre; PR. *dziŋir; PH. *ḡjíŋis; PL. *gjiŋ- (liver). EN liver. DE Leber. PL wątroba. heavy stem, count noun. stem: dziņ-. gen: dziņg. dat: dziņa. acc: dziņd. ins: dziņúr. pl: dziņgre.
dzỉr /dziːːr/ n. Etym: MR. dziér; OR. dziēr; PR. *dzijēr = dzêhht + -ēr; PH. *gip̄éḡis; PL. *ᵑgip-ég- ← *ᵑgæjp- (to put). EN builder, constructor. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: dzie-. gen: dzỉ. dat: dziea. acc: dzỉd. ins: dzieúr. pl: dzỉre. gen pl: dzỉris (dzijes). see: dzjảt; -ír.
dzira /ˈdzira/ n. Etym: MR. & OR. dzihhra; PR. *dzihhor; PH. likely from **gip̄khós; PL. **ᵑgip-kʰó- ← *ᵑgæjp- (to put). EN house. DE Haus. PL dom. light stem, count noun. stem: dzio-. gen: dziusk. dat: dziun. acc: dziust. ins: dziovúr. pl: dziore.
dzjảt /dʒaːːt/ v. Etym: MR. & OR. dzêhtt; PR. *dzêhht; PH. *gɛ̄́p̄-; PL. *ᵑgæjp- (to put). EN build, construct. DE bauen. PL budować, zbudować. transitive. stem: dzjáH-. npst: dzjáe : dzjả : dzjảș : dzjáú. pst: dzjáșei. npst adv: dzjáșevú. pst adv: dzjávúl. ger: dzjájnș.
dznús /dznuːs/ n. Etym: MR. dznús; OR. dznuvro; PR. *dznuβur; PH. *ḡjnúbhus; PL. *gj<nú>bʱ- ← *gjybʱ- (slime/poison). EN snail. DE Schecke. PL ślimak. heavy stem, count noun. stem: dznuv-. gen: dznuvu, dznúg. dat: dznuva. acc: dznúd. ins: dznuvúr. pl: dznúre.
dzun /dzɤn/ pron. Etym: MR. dzun; OR. dzŭn; PR. *dzɨm (*adzmez-); PH. *gjɯm (*adzmez-); PL. *ᵑgjɯm (*ŋ̊gjméz-). EN we, us (1P inclusive). gen: dzmes : dzmeris. dat: dzmen : dzmerín. acc: dzmed : dzmerid. ins: dzmerí. poss: dzmerș : dzmeriș. see: ú ‘1S’; dzun ‘1P inclusive’; dzate ‘1P exclusive’; re ‘2S informal’; lește ‘2S formal’; sjáște ‘2P’; sja ‘2 royal’; lair ‘2 deity’; vâs ‘3S animate’; vír ‘3P animate’; vara ‘3S, 3P inanimate’; sted ‘1D inclusive (you and I)’.
dzvukstra /ˈdzvɤkstra/ n. Etym: MR. dzłuksra; OR. dzlokðra, dzlokþra; PR. *dzulkðor; PH. *ḡjulkdhós; PL. *gjuh-l̥k’-dʱó- ← *gjæwh- (to swallow). EN stomach. light stem, count noun. stem: dzvukso-. gen: dzvuksusk. dat: dzvuksun. acc: dzvuksust. ins: dzvuksovúr. pl: dzvuksore.
dzyeat /dziat/ v. Etym: MR. dzǿhtt; OR. dzø̄htt; PR. *dzęhht (to eat); PH. *ḡjø̄h-; PL. *gjæwh- (to swallow). EN eat. DE essen. PL jeść, zjeść. transitive. stem: dzýH-. npst: dzýe, dzye : dzyeà : dzyeaș : dzyeú, dzýú (proscribed), dzyø (colloquial). pst: dzýșei. npst adv: dzyeșevú. pst adv: dzývúl. ger: dzyejnș.
dzyejrs /dzøirs/ /dzøis/ n. Etym: MR. dzǿjrss; OR. dzø̄jrss; PR. *dzęjrhs (mushroom); PH. *ḡjø̄́ḡərhəs (sponge); PL. *gjæw<gær>h- ← *gjæwh- (to swallow). EN mushroom. DE Pilz. PL grzyb. spirant stem, count noun. stem: dzyejrḤ-. gen: dzyejrg. dat: dzyejrga. acc: dzyejrd. ins: dzyejrgúr. pl: dzyejre. gen pl: dzyejrștris. phonology Pre-consonantal /r/ is often dropped in colloquial speech.
dzyrys /ˈdziris/ n. Etym: MR. dzyrivs; OR. dzyrivre; PR. *dzyriβir; PH. *ḡjýḏybhys; PL. *gjy<dy>bʱ- ← *gjybʱ- (slime/poison). EN virus. heavy stem, count noun. stem: dzyriv-. gen: dzyrivu. dat: dzyriva. acc: dzyryd. ins: dzyrivúr. pl: dzyryre.
dzyvs /dzifs/ n. Etym: MR. dzyvs; OR. dzyvre; PR. *dzyβir (poison); PH. *ḡjybhys; PL. *gjybʱ- (slime/poison). EN poison. DE Gift. PL trucizna. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: dzyv-. gen: dzyvu. dat: dzyva. acc: dzyvd. ins: dzyvúr.