A - a
-á /aː/ aff. Etym: MR. vá(nva)/vá(mrúttór) (you want/to be wanted). EN -ever, anything (derives general indefinite pro-forms). Variants -vá ‘after a vowel’. see: vámt.
áden /ˈaːdɛn/ adv. Etym: MR. ádjøn; OR. ād jø̄n; PR. *awad jęn. EN to when, until when, by when. incomparable. see: át.
Aìlír /ˈa.iliːr/ propn. Etym: MR. Ahillēr ← Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús). EN Achilles. semi-light stem. stem: AìleG-. gen: Aìlí. dat: Aìlea. acc: Aìlíd. ins: Aìleúr.
ainjeș /ˈaiɲɛʃ/ adj. Etym: áns + -iș. EN good, benevolent. comparable. stem: ánḤ-. comp: ánguobș. see: áns; -iș.
ains /ains/ n. Etym: MR. ajjuns; OR. ajjŭns; PR. *ajjɨns (skin); PH. *ap̄iḡɯ́nɯs; PL. *m̥<pi>g-ɯ́n-ɯs ← *mɯg- (to shine). EN skin. DE Haut. PL skóra. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: ain-. gen: aing. dat: aina. acc: aind. ins: ainúr.
-air /-air/ aff. Etym: MR. -air; OR. -air with an irregular development from -awi- to -ai-; PR. *-awir; PH. *-ákhwis; PL. *-ń̥k(ʰ)we- (small part of). EN diminutive suffix. DE -chen. PL -ek. light stem. stem: -ai-. gen: -aisk. dat: -ain. acc: -aist. ins: -aivúr. pl: -aire. phonology synchronically considered to be adding -vre (-vi-) to the dative phonology zero-grade usage consistent until Proto-Radic; sporadic zero-grade usage by Old Radestrian; no modern zero-grade usage Notes usually used to form "objective" diminutives with no real change in attitude from the referrer; for a more affectionate diminutive, see -nș Variants -ajr ‘after another vowel which forms a diphthong with -a-’. nivair puppy (baby dog). skanþair young man. hvoþair small mountain. see: -nș1 ‘affectionate diminutive’.
aķe· /ˌatʃɛ/ aff. Etym: atíș. EN second-. see: atíș; ate· ‘cardinal’.
ál /aːl/ adv. Etym: MR. ál; OR. āl(æ), ā; PR. *awa (læ); PH. *aḇá; PL. ⁂m̥bń̥ ← *ᵐbæj(n)- (INTERROGATIVE).1 • EN where. DE wo. PL gdzie.
2 • EN somewhere (existential). incomparable. Ál-aș. It has to be somewhere.
aleștre /aˈlɛʃtrɛ/ n. Etym: MR. aleșre; OR. alešre; PR. *alèšir; PH. *alɛ́ḵjis; PL. *m̥l-ǽkje- ← *mel- (grellow). EN autumn. DE Herbst. PL jesień. light stem, count noun. stem: aleșe-. gen: aleșesk. dat: aleșen. acc: aleșest. ins: aleșevúr. pl: aleșere.
alír /ˈaliːr/ n. Etym: MR. allér; OR. allēr; PR. *allejir (nose); PH. *alléṯis; PL. *m̥l-lét- ← *myl- (to feel). EN nose. DE Nase. PL nos. spirant stem, count noun. stem: aleH-. gen: alig. dat: aleva. acc: aled. ins: alevúr. pl: alíre.
amjest /ˈamjɛst/ v. Etym: MR. (h)amêsstt; OR. hamêþþtt ← ham (out) + êþþtt, see jást. EN be able to, can, be skilled at, know how to. DE können. PL umieć. transitive. stem: am[je^íe]s-, am[jes^íeþ]- (archaic)-. npst: amjese : amjesa : amjeș : amíesú, amíeþú (archaic). pst: amíesei, amíeþei (archaic). npst adv: amjesivú. pst adv: amjesúl. ger: amjesenș. grammar can take an infinitival object Hjei amjesta fjukt! I don't know how to cook! Gjøn amjes hredeșeí? Can you (speak) Radestrian? Amjese pýd vỉșt. I can (play) football. see: jást.
an1 /an/ /ɤn/ adp. Etym: MR. & OR. han; PR. *han; PH. *hon; PL. *hon (from). EN from, off, since (time), (have been) for (time). grammar governs the genitive Notes if spatial, it refers to departure from a vertical/inferior surface Notes if temporal, it refers to time elapsed specifically with relation to the relevant point in time Variants -̃an ‘pronominal suffix’.
an2 /an/ /ɤn/ adp. Etym: MR. han; OR. ham; PR. *ham; PH. *ṯam; PL. *tam- (out of). EN out, from, from inside, from within. DE aus. PL z. grammar governs the genitive Notes refers to departure from a bound space Variants -̃an ‘pronominal suffix’.
an- /an/ aff. Etym: MR. & OR. an-; PR. *an-; PH. *nə-; PL. *na-.1 • EN perspective-changing prefix.
2 • EN transitivising prefix.
3 • EN stative prefix.
4 • EN causative prefix.
-ans /-ans/ aff. Etym: MR. -anss; OR. -ænss; PR. *-ænhs; PH. *-ǽnṯəs; PL. *-ǽnt-.1 • EN forms collective nouns.
2 • EN -ness, -ity (creates state nouns from adjectives). spirant stem. stem: -[a^e]nḤ-. gen: -eng. dat: -anga. acc: -and. ins: -angúr. pl: -andre. gen pl: -anștris. phonology when added to the diminutive -air, it becomes -ojans grammar causes light stem in Proto-Radic and sporadically in Old Radestrian; from Middle Radestrian, the root stems remain unaltered
áns /aːns/ n. Etym: MR. ánss; OR. ānss; PR. *ajænhs; PH. *ajǽnṯəs; PL. *m̥ɟ-ǽnt- ← *maɟ- (to be suited). EN good. PL dobro. ant. lergans. spirant stem, mass noun. stem: [á^ai]nḤ-. gen: aing, áng (proscribed), aeng (dialectal). dat: ánga. acc: ánd. ins: ángúr.
antí /ˈantiː/ /anti/ adp. Etym: an + tí. EN from between, from amidst, from among, from amongst. DE aus. PL spomiędzy, spośród. grammar governs the genitive see: an2; tí2.
anvas /ˈanvas/ adp. Etym: an + vas. EN from the middle of. grammar governs the dative see: an1; vas.
anvieru /anˈvieru/ adv. Etym: MR. hanvérru; OR. hanvǫrrw; PR. *hamhǫrrg ← *ham (out) + *hǫrrs (surroundings). EN near, close, nearby, closeby. DE in der Nähe. PL blisko. incomparable. grammar governs the genitive see: an2; hjers; nvieru ‘preposition’.
aoþiș /ˈɔːθiʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. ôþiş; OR. ôþišjre; PR. *ôθs, ôθišjir; PH. *ɔ̄́thəs; PL. *ʔawtʰ- (smooth).1 • EN light. DE leicht. PL lekki. ant. boþiș.
2 • EN easy. DE leicht, einfach. PL łatwy. comparable. stem: aoþ-. comp: aoþuobș.
ar /ar/ /ɤr/ conj. Etym: MR. az, ar; OR. ad, az, ar; PR. *ad, *ar (and); PH. *aḏ; PL. *m̥d ← *mɯd- (group). EN and (constituent level), as well as. Variants az ‘before a consonant’. vâs ar ú he and I. see: o ‘and (clausal level)’.
arans /ˈarans/ n. Etym: MR. aranss; OR. arænss ← ass (one) + -ænss (collective, nominaliser). EN union. spirant stem, count noun. stem: ar[a^e]nḤ-. gen: areng. dat: aranga. acc: arand. ins: arangúr. pl: arandre. gen pl: aranștris. see: as.
Arans Eurúpjeștre /ˈarans œˈruːpjɛʃtrɛ/ propn. Etym: arans + eurúpíș. EN European Union. DE Eurpäische Union. PL Unia Europejska. spirant stem. stem: Ar[a^e]nḤ- Eurúpíș-. gen: Areng Eurúpjeșk. dat: Aranga Eurúpíșa. acc: Arand Eurúpjeșt. ins: Arangúr Eurúpíșúr. see: arans; eurúpíș.
Arâír /ˈarɤ.iːr/ propn. Etym: variant of Aroír, from MR. Arruér. EN Arrey (Radestrian given name). semi-light stem. stem: Arâi-. gen: Arâí. dat: Arâjea. acc: Arâíd. ins: Arâjúr, Arâijúr. Variants Aroír.
Aroír /ˈarɔ.iːr/ propn. Etym: MR. Arruér; OR. Arrŭēr; PR. *arrɨjēr (warrior); PH. *rrəhéḡis; PL. *r~r̥h-ég- ← *roh- (to strike). EN Arroy (Radestrian given name). semi-light stem. stem: Aroe-. gen: Aroí. dat: Aroea. acc: Aroíd. ins: Aroeúr. Variants Arâír.
ároviș /ˈaːrɔviʃ/ adj. Etym: Arabic عَرَبِيّ. EN Arab, Arabic. DE arabisch. PL arabski. comparable. stem: árav-. comp: áravuobș.
arøts /ˈarœts/ n. Etym: MR. arøts; OR. ɣrøtre; PR. *ɣwirtir; PH. *ghwírtis; PL. *gʱwi<r>t’-is; PL. *gʱwit’- (smoke). EN smoke. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: arøt-. gen: arøsk. dat: arøta. acc: arøst. ins: arøtúr.
aruokș /aˈruokʃ/ adj. Etym: arut. EN united. comparable. stem: arúk-. comp: arúkuobș. see: arut.
arut /ˈarɤt/ v. Etym: as + -rut; MR. arrutt; OR. arrŭtt; PR. *arrɨht ← ass (one) + -rɨht. EN unite, unify. DE vereinigen. PL zjednoczyć. transitive. stem: aru-. npst: arui : aruva : aruș : aruvú. pst: aruei. npst adv: aruivú, arivú (archaic). pst adv: arủl, arúl (archaic). ger: arunș. see: as; -rut.
arvuons /ˈarvuons/ n. Etym: MR. arrłuvuns, arrłūns; OR. arrlŭvŭns; PR. *ahrlɨβɨns; PH. *hrləbhɯ́nɯs; PL. *srl̥bʱ-ɯ́n- ← *srɯlbʱ- (hook).1 • EN link, bond, connection. PL więź, wiązanie.
2 • EN link (IT). PL link. heavy stem, count noun. stem: arvún-. gen: arvuong. dat: arvúna. acc: arvuond. ins: arvúnúr. pl: arvuondre.
arþans /ˈarθans/ n. Etym: from earlier arnþans, metathesis of:; MR. & OR. anþrans (meal); PR. *anθarns (meat, food); PH. *nəthárnəs; PL. *na-tʰarn- ← *tʰarn- (beast, wild animal). EN meal. DE Mahlzeit. PL posiłek. heavy stem, count noun. stem: arþan-. gen: arþang. dat: arþana. acc: arþand. ins: arþanúr. pl: arþandre.
as /as/ num. Etym: MR. & OR. ass; PR. *ass; PH. *ásəs; PL. *ʔas- (one). EN one (1). heavy stem. stem: [a^o]r-. gen: oru. dat: ara. acc: ard. ins: arúr. see: asíș ‘ordinal’.
ás /aːs/ n. Etym: MR. ahss (aurau); OR. ahss (awraw); PR. *ahss (aworg); PH. *áhəsəs (áhosɯḡ); PL. *ʔa~ʔas- ← ʔas- (1). EN whole, entirety. PL całość. heavy stem, count noun, irregular*. stem: [as^aur]-. gen: orau*, aurv (proscribed). dat: asa. acc: ast. ins: asúr. pl: astre. gen pl: ás, asis : astris, asiris. see: oraș.
asadt /ˈasat/ v. Etym: MR. assaddtt; OR. asþæddtt; PR. *asθæhdht (*asθæjeji-); PH. *sthǽp̄əḏ-; PL. *stʰæ<pæ>d- ← *stʰæd- (to rest). EN sleep. DE schlafen. PL spać. intransitive, irregular*. stem: as[aH^ai]d-. npst: asate : asata : asatș : asaitú. pst: asaíe* : asaíș* : asaijú*. npst adv: asazdivú. pst adv: asazúl*. ger: asazenș*.
asbí /ˈazbiː/ adv. Etym: MR. assbí; OR. assbī; PR. *astbij; PH. *stəbíjɯ; PL. *sta-ᵐb-íɟɯ ← *ᵐbæj(n)- (INTERROGATIVE). EN to what extent, how much. DE wie sehr. PL jak bardzo. incomparable. Asbí gjøn ven toje? How much do you love me?
ase· /ˌasɛ/ aff. Etym: asíș. EN uni-, mono-, one-. see: asíș; așe· ‘ordinal’.
ase·hjendzedraus /ˌasɛˈʃɛndzɛdraus/ /ˌasɛˈçɛndzɛdraus/ n. Etym: ase·hjendzír + -draus. EN monotheism. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: ase·hjendzedr[a^o]v-. gen: ase·hjendzedrovu. dat: ase·hjendzedrava. acc: ase·hjendzedraud. ins: ase·hjendzedravúr. see: ase·hjendzír; -draus.
ase·hjendzedroviș /ˌasɛʃɛnˈdzɛdrɔviʃ/ /ˌasɛçɛnˈdzɛdrɔviʃ/ adj. Etym: ase·hjendzedraus + -iș. EN monotheistic. incomparable. see: ase·hjendzedraus; -iș.
ase·hjendzír /ˌasɛˈʃɛndziːr/ /ˌasɛˈçɛndziːr/ n. Etym: ase· + hjendzír. EN monotheist. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: ase·hjendzeG-. gen: ase·hjendzí. dat: ase·hjendzea. acc: ase·hjendzíd. ins: ase·hjendzeúr. pl: ase·hjendzíre. see: ase·; hjendzír.
aseúr /ˈasɛ.uːr/ adv. Etym: asír. EN firstly, for the first time, the first time. DE erstens, zum ersten Mal. PL po pierwsze, po raz pierwszy. incomparable. Variants 1eúr ‘abbreviation’. see: asír.
asfvast /ˈasfast/ v. Etym: MR. asfłastt; OR. asflaðtt; PR. *asɸolðht; PH. *spholdh-; PL. *spʰoldʱ- (to hide). EN store, put away. transitive. stem: asfv[a^o]ƶ-. npst: asfvaþe : asfvaþa : asfvaþș : asfvoþú. pst: asfvozei. npst adv: asfvazivú. pst adv: asfvazúl. ger: asfvazunș.
asfvát /ˈasfaːt/ v. Etym: MR. asfvahtt; OR. asfwahtt; PR. *asɸwahht; PH. *sphwóh-; PL. *spʰwoh- (to sprinkle). EN wash (non-fabrics), clean. transitive. stem: asfv[a^u]H-. npst: asfvai : asfvá : asfváș : asfvûú. pst: asfvușei. npst adv: asfvûșevú. pst adv: asfvavúl. ger: asfvaunș.
asilura /aˈsilura/ n. Etym: MR. assilura; OR. assilwor, of uncertain origin, likely to be ass- (whole) + el- (to dwell) + -ɣor (AUG). EN society. DE Gesellschaft. PL społeczeństwo. light stem, count noun. stem: asilvo-. gen: asilvusk. dat: asilvun. acc: asilvust. ins: asilvovúr. pl: asilvore. see: ás; elt.
asilvusligír /aˈsilvɤsligiːr/ n. Etym: asilvuslis + -ír. EN sociologist. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: asilvusligeG-. gen: asilvusligí. dat: asilvusligea. acc: asilvusligíd. ins: asilvusligeúr. pl: asilvusligíre. see: asilvuslis; -sligír.
asilvuslis /aˈsilvɤslis/ n. Etym: asilura + -slis. EN sociology. spirant stem, mass noun. stem: asilvusliḤ-. gen: asilvuslig. dat: asilvusliga. acc: asilvuslid. ins: asilvusligúr. see: asilura; -slis.
asír /ˈasiːr/ n. Etym: MR. assér; OR. assēr; PR. *ahsēr, see asíș. EN first time, first. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: aseG-. gen: así. dat: asea. acc: asíd. ins: aseúr. pl: asíre. Variants 1ír ‘abbreviation’. see: asíș; aseúr ‘adverbial’.
asírut /aˈsiːrɤt/ v. Etym: MR. assírutt (to marvel at); OR. asþīrwtt (to behold); PR. *asθīrght; PH. *sthȳrḡ-; PL. *stʰiwrg- (to look).1 • EN admire, marvel at, revel at. DE bewundern.
2 • archaic. EN behold. transitive. stem: asierG̣-. npst: asierke : asierka : asierkș : asierkú. pst: asierdzei. npst adv: asírudzivú. pst adv: asiervúl. ger: asiervunș.
asíș /ˈasiːʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. assíș, levelled with ass; OR. essíšjre; PR. *ehsīšjir, *ahsēr; PH. *həséḡis; PL. *ʔăs-ég-; PL. *ʔas- (one). EN first (1st). incomparable. stem: aseG-. Variants 1ș ‘abbreviation’. see: as ‘cardinal’.
asuoks /aˈsuoks/ n. Etym: MR. assókss; OR. asþōkþs; PR. *asθwǫkθs; PH. *sthwɤ̄́kthəs; PL. *stʰwajk’-tʰ- ← *stʰwajk’- (to value). EN value, worth, cost. DE Wert, Preis, Kosten. PL wartość, koszt. heavy stem, count noun. stem: asuoks-. gen: asuoksk. dat: asuoksa. acc: asuokst. ins: asuoksúr. pl: asuokstre.
asuops /aˈsuops/ n. Etym: MR. assôps; OR. asþôps; PR. *asθôps; PH. *sthɔ̄́pəs; PL. *stʰawp’- (leg). EN leg. DE Bein. PL noga. heavy stem, count noun. stem: asúp-. gen: asuof. dat: asúpa. acc: asuoft. ins: asúpúr. pl: asúpate; asuopre. gen pl: asúpats; asuopris.
asvaus /ˈasvaus/ n. Etym: MR. assvaus; OR. asþwavro; PR. *asθwaβur; PH. *sthwóbhus; PL. *stʰwobʱ- (to scrape). EN violin. heavy stem, count noun. stem: asv[a^u]v-. gen: asvuvu. dat: asvá, asvava. acc: asvaud. ins: asvavúr. pl: asvaure.
aș /aʃ/ adj. Etym: from earlier atș; MR. attș; OR. attšjre; PR. *ahtšjir ← ahtra (something else) or ahtēr (second). EN other, another, different. DE anderer. PL inny. incomparable. adv: atí. Variants atș ‘dated/literary’; huș ‘dialectal (see: hats)’. see: atra; hats; atíș.
áș /aːʃ/ adv. Etym: MR. áșș; OR. āšši; PR. *awahši; PH. *aḇáhəc̱i; PL. ⁂m̥bḿ̥-ʔɯci ← *ᵐbæj(n)- (INTERROGATIVE).1 • EN where (to), whither. DE wohin. PL gdzie.
2 • EN to when, until when. incomparable.
așaus /ˈaʃaus/ n. Etym: MR. așșavs; OR. aššavs; PR. *asšaβs; PH. *stjábhəs; PL. *stjabʱ- (worm). EN worm. heavy stem, count noun. stem: aș[a^o]v-. gen: așovu. dat: așava. acc: așaud. ins: așavúr. pl: așaure.
așe· /ˌaʃɛ/ aff. Etym: asíș. EN first-. see: asíș; ase· ‘cardinal’.
aștiș /ˈaʃtiʃ/ adj. Etym: aștra + -iș.1 • EN glass (made of glass).
2 • EN glassy, glass-like. comparable. stem: aște-. comp: aștejuobș. see: aștra; -iș.
aștra /ˈaʃtra/ n. Etym: MR. aștra; OR. ašcræ; PR. *ašcer, hɨjcer; PH. *pəjkés; PL. *paɟ-k’é- ← *paɟ- (to blow). EN glass (material). DE Glas. PL szkło. light stem, mass noun. stem: aște-. gen: aștisk. dat: așten. acc: aștest. ins: aștevúr. see: aștiș.
așuorciș /aˈʃuortsiʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. așșúrciș; OR. aššūrcišjre; PR. *asšūrcišjir; asšūrkur; PH. *stjúḡuskus; PL. *stjug-usk- ← *stjug- (to move quickly). EN fast, quick, rapid. DE schnell. PL szybki. comparable. stem: așuork-. comp: așuorkuobș. see: așuorks.
așuorks /ˈaʃuorks/ n. Etym: MR. așșúrks; OR. aššūrkro; PR. *asšūrkur. EN haste. PL pośpiech. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: așuork-. gen: așuork. dat: așuorka. acc: așuort. ins: așuorkúr. see: așuorciș.
așuorķestra /aˈʃuortʃɛstra/ n. Etym: MR. așșúrkjistra ← așșúrciș (fast) + jistra (substance). EN fluorine. PL fluor. light stem, mass noun. stem: așuorķeste-. gen: așuorķestisk. dat: așuorķesten. acc: așuorķestest. ins: așuorķestevúr. see: așuorciș; istra.
așúr /ˈaʃuːr/ n. Etym: MR. așșúr; OR. aššūr; PR. *asšūr (loaf); PH. *stjúḡus; PL. *stjug- (to be full). EN bread. DE Brot. PL chleb. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: așuG-. gen: așív. dat: așoa. acc: așúd. ins: așoúr. pl: așíre.
-at /at/ aff. Etym: MR. & OR. -att; PR. *-aht; PH. *-a-; PL. *-m̥-. EN copular verbaliser. intransitive. npst: -ai : -ava : -aș : -avú. pst: -aei. npst adv: -aivú, -amivú (archaic). pst adv: -aúl, -múl (archaic). ger: -anș. Notes reanalysed as a light stem; the participles have archaic heavy stem forms Variants -mt ‘after light stems’.
at· /at/ aff. Etym: MR. & OR. att-; PR. *aht-, see atra, atíș, aș. EN other-, allo-, hetero-. see: atra; atíș; aș.
at·dvunþair /atˈdvɤnθair/ n. Etym: at· + dvunþair. EN allophone (linguistics). light stem, count noun. stem: at·dvunþai-. gen: at·dvunþaisk. dat: at·dvunþain. acc: at·dvunþaist. ins: at·dvunþaivúr. pl: at·dvunþaire. see: at·; dvunþair.
at·dvunþojans /atˈdvɤnθɔjans/ n. Etym: at·dvunþair + -ans. EN allophony (linguistics). spirant stem, mass noun. stem: at·dvunþoj[a^e]nḤ-. gen: at·dvunþojeng. dat: at·dvunþojanga. acc: at·dvunþojand. ins: at·dvunþojangúr. see: at·dvunþair; -ans.
ate· /ˌatɛ/ aff. Etym: atíș. EN bi-, di-, two-. see: atíș; aķe· ‘ordinal’.
ateșelíș /aˈtɛʃɛliːʃ/ adj. Etym: OR. ehtešlíšjre; PR. *ehtešlīšjir, *éhtešlēr. EN twentienth (20th). incomparable. stem: ateșeleG-. Variants 20ș ‘abbreviation’. see: sjavatre ‘cardinal’.
ateúr /ˈatɛ.uːr/ adv. Etym: atír. EN secondly, for the second time, the second time. DE zweitens, zum zweiten Mal. PL po drugie, po raz drugi. incomparable. Variants 2eúr ‘abbreviation’. see: atír.
atí /ˈatiː/ adv. Etym: aș + -í; MR. attí; OR. attī. EN differently. DE anders. PL inaczej. incomparable. see: aș.
atír /ˈatiːr/ n. Etym: MR. attér; OR. attēr; PR. *ahtēr, see atíș. EN second time. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: ateG-. gen: atí. dat: atea. acc: atíd. ins: ateúr. pl: atíre. Variants 2ír ‘abbreviation’. see: atíș; ateúr ‘adverbial’.
atíș /ˈatiːʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. attíș, levelled with asíș; OR. ettíšjre; PR. *ehtīšjir, *ahtēr; PH. *hətéḡis; PL. *hat’-ég-; PL. *hat’- (two). EN second (2nd). incomparable. stem: ateG-. Variants 2ș ‘abbreviation’. see: rvaus ‘cardinal’.
atra /ˈatra/ pron. Etym: MR. & OR. attra; PR. *ahtar; PH. *p̄ətás; PL. *pat’- (2). EN something else. gen: astú. dat: ata. acc: astad. ins: asbúr. pl: atra. gen pl: ates, ateris. poss: árș : áriș. see: hats.
austas /ˈaustas/ n. Etym: MR. austass; OR. avsscæss; PR. *aβhscæhs; PH. *bhəṯskjǽp̄əs; PL. *bʱat-skjæp- ← *bʱat- (eye) + *skjæp- (to sting, to peck). EN conjunctivitis. DE Bindehautentzündung. PL zapalenie spojówek. spirant stem, mass noun. stem: aust[a^e]H-. gen: austeg. dat: austá. acc: austad. ins: austavúr.
aut /aut/ v. Etym: MR. autt; OR. awtt; PR. *aɣht (to lead; present ah-); PH. *agh-; PL. *ʔ(w)agʱ- (to secure, to lead). EN bring, take, lead. transitive, irregular*. stem: [a^o]v-. npst: ai* : á* : aș* : oú*. pst: ovei. npst adv: auvivú. pst adv: avúl. ger: avunș.
avaņs /ˈavaŋs/ n. Etym: deverbal of avaņt. EN serve (tennis, volleyball, badminton). heavy stem, count noun. stem: av[a^e]ņ-. gen: aveņg. dat: avaņa. acc: avaņd. ins: avaņúr. pl: avaņgre. see: avaņt.
avaņt /ˈavaŋt/ v. Etym: MR. avaņtt (gjøņ-, aveņ-); OR. ɣwæŋtt (ɣøŋj-); PR. *ɣwæŋht (ɣwèŋ-); PH. *ghwæŋ-; PL. *gʱwæŋ- (to hang).1 • EN send. DE schicken, senden. PL wysłać, przesłać, słać.
2 • EN serve (tennis, volleyball, badminton). transitive, irregular*. stem: av[a^e]ņ-, [ava^gjø]ņ- (literary). npst: avaņge : avaņga : avaņș : aveņgú, gjøņgú (literary). pst: aveņei, gjøņei (literary). npst adv: avaņivú. pst adv: avaņúl. ger: avaņunș.
avâvâs /ˈavɤvɤs/ n. Etym: MR. avuvvuss, avúvuss; OR. ɣwowwuþþro; PR. *ɣwoɣwuhθur; PH. *ghwóghwup̄thus; PL. *gʱwo~gʱwop-tʰ- ← *gʱwop- (to bite). EN hamster. heavy stem, count noun. stem: avâvâs-. gen: avâvâsk. dat: avâvâsa. acc: avâvâst. ins: avâvâsúr. pl: avâvâstre. Variants avúvâs ‘dialectal’.
ave· /ˌavɛ/ aff. Etym: from avíș. EN self-, auto-. DE selbst-, auto-. PL samo-, auto-. syn. dzi·. Notes usually implies a sense of individuality; when referring to a more reflexive sense, dzi· is preferred ave·deșeș automatic (lit. self-doing). see: avíș.
aveí /ˈavɛ.iː/ /ˈavei/ adv. Etym: adverb of avíș. EN in the same way, the same. incomparable. see: avíș.
aveistra /aˈveistra/ n. Etym: MR. ave·jistra ← ave· (self-) + jistra (substance). EN element (chemistry). DE Element. PL pierwiastek. light stem, count noun. stem: aveiste-. gen: aveistisk. dat: aveisten. acc: aveistest. ins: aveistevúr. pl: aveistere. see: ave·; istra.
aveņiș /ˈavɛŋiʃ/ adj. Etym: avaņs + -iș, see aveņiștre. EN relating to tennis, volleyball or badminton. incomparable. see: aveņiștre; avaņs; -iș.
aveņiștre /aˈvɛŋiʃtrɛ/ n. Etym: technically a clipping of pjair/pýr/?? aveņiștre, with the adjective aveņiș, from avaņs + -iș; the adjective aveņiș was only ever used in these collocations and thus does not have an original, standalone meaning; it has come to mean 'relating to tennis/volleyball/badminton' as a result, see aveņiș.1 • EN tennis. syn. pjair aveņiștre.
2 • EN volleyball. syn. pýr aveņiștre.
3 • EN badminton. heavy stem, mass noun. stem: aveņiș-. gen: aveņișk. dat: aveņișa. acc: aveņișt. ins: aveņișúr. see: avaņs; -iș; aveņiș.
aveņuozs /ˈavɛŋuoz/ n. Etym: avaņt + -uozs, doublet of gjøņuozs. EN message. heavy stem, count noun. stem: aveņúz-. gen: aveņuozg. dat: aveņúza. acc: aveņuozd. ins: aveņúzúr. pl: aveņuozdre. see: gjøņuozs; avaņt; -uozs.
averuokt /ˈavɛruokt/ v. Etym: MR. avehrôktt ← ave- (self-) + hrôktt (to cought). EN choke (on one's own saliva). intransitive. stem: averúk-. npst: averuoke : averuoka : averuokș : averuokú. pst: averúcei. npst adv: averuocivú. pst adv: averúkúl. ger: averúkunș. see: ave·; hraokt.
avír /ˈaviːr/ adj. Etym: MR. avēr; OR. awēr; PR. *aɣīšjir, aɣēr; PH. *aghéḡis; PL. *ŋ̊gh-ég- ← *ᵑgih- (REFL). EN the same one (animate). gen: avjesk : avítú. dat: avea. acc: avjest : avítad. ins: avíbúr. pl: avír. gen pl: avjes : avíris. Variants oír ‘dialectal’. see: avíș ‘adjective’.
avíș /ˈaviːʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. avíș; OR. awīšjre; PR. *aɣīšjir, aɣēr; PH. *aghéḡis; PL. *ŋ̊gh-ég- ← *ᵑgih- (REFL). EN same, own. incomparable. stem: aveG-. grammar means 'own' when used with a possessive Ven avjeștre vaș! I have the same one! virș avíș dvaos my own son. Variants oíș ‘dialectal’. see: avír ‘pronoun’. adv: aveí.
avuistra /aˈvɤistra/ n. Etym: MR. avujjistra ← avujiș (bitter) + jistra (substance), cf. Czech hořčík. EN magnesium. light stem, mass noun. stem: avuiste-. gen: avuistisk. dat: avuisten. acc: avuistest. ins: avuistevúr. see: avujeș; istra.
avujeș /ˈavujɛʃ/ adj. Etym: MR. avujiș; OR. ɣwujišjre; PR. *ɣwujišjir; ɣwowur; PH. *ghwóp̄us; PL. *gʱwop- (to bite). EN bitter. DE bitter. PL gorzki. comparable. stem: avoH-. comp: avovuobș.
avuovs /aˈvuofs/ n. Etym: MR. avôls; OR. awôls; PR. *awôls, of uncertain origin, possibly from earlier *ahwôls ← *hwwôls; PH. *ḵwuḡɔ̄́ləs; PL. *kwug-áwl- ← *kwewg- (to decide). EN thoughts (collective). heavy stem, count noun. stem: avúv-. gen: avúvu. dat: avúva. acc: avuovd. ins: avúvúr. pl: avuovre.
axdrieft /ˈaʒdrieft/ v. Etym: MR. axrévtt; OR. ajzrǫwtt; PR. *ajzǫrght; PH. *ajzɤ̄́rḡ-; PL. *n̥ɟ<záj>rg- ← *ᶮɟerg- (to be awake). EN enlighten. transitive. stem: axdríG̣-. npst: axdrieke : axdríka : axdriekș : axdríkú. pst: axdrídzei. npst adv: axdrievdzivú. pst adv: axdrívúl. ger: axdrívunș. Axdrívúk-age. I have been enlightened.
az /az/ /ɤz/ conj. Etym: MR. az, ar; OR. ad, az, ar; PR. *ad, *ar (and); PH. *aḏ; PL. *m̥d ← *mɯd- (group). EN and (constituent level), as well as. Variants ar ‘before a vowel’. vâs az re he and you. see: o ‘and (clausal level)’.
áz /aːz/ adv. Etym: MR. ád, áz; OR. ād; PR. *awad, abtad; PH. *aḇ(t)áḏ; PL. ⁂m̥b(t’)ád ← *ᵐbæj(n)- (INTERROGATIVE). EN when. DE wann. PL kiedy. incomparable. Áz gjøs fyelgú? When are we going?
azmúr /ˈazmuːr/ n. Etym: MR. azmór; OR. admōr; PR. *admōr; PH. *aḏmóḡus; PL. *n̥dm-óg- ← *ⁿdem- (milk). EN cream. semi-light stem, count noun. stem: azmoG-. gen: azmí. dat: azmoa. acc: azmúd. ins: azmoúr. pl: azmíre.
aznumt /ˈaznɤmt/ v. Etym: MR. & OR. aznumtt; PR. *adnúmht (to milk); PH. *aḏnúm-; PL. *n̥d<nú>m- ← *ⁿdem- (milk). EN milk. transitive. stem: aznum-. npst: aznunve : aznunva : aznumș : aznunvú (aznunu). pst: aznumei. npst adv: aznûmivú. pst adv: aznumúl. ger: aznumunș.
âceistra /ɤˈtseistra/ n. Etym: MR. uccejistra ← uccra (ash) + jistra (substance). EN potassium. DE Kalium. PL potas. light stem, mass noun. stem: âceiste-. gen: âceistisk. dat: âceisten. acc: âceistest. ins: âceistevúr. Notes The Radestrian symbol (U) reflects the Middle Radestrian spelling. see: âstra; istra.
âstra /ˈɤstra/ n. Etym: MR. uccra, with unknown loss of h-; OR. hoccra; PR. *hohcer; PH. *p̄ohkés; PL. *pŭh-k’é- ← *poh- (to burn). EN ash, ashes. light stem, mass noun. stem: âce-. gen: âcisk. dat: âcen. acc: âcest. ins: âcevúr.