transitive

amjest   /ˈamjɛst/ v. Etym: MR. (h)amêsstt; OR. hamêþþtt ← ham (out) + êþþtt, see jást. EN be able to, can, be skilled at, know how to. DE können. PL umieć. transitive. stem: am[je^íe]s-, am[jes^íeþ]- (archaic)-. npst: amjese : amjesa : amjeș : amíesú, amíeþú (archaic). pst: amíesei, amíeþei (archaic). npst adv: amjesivú. pst adv: amjesúl. ger: amjesenș. grammar can take an infinitival object Hjei amjesta fjukt! I don't know how to cook! Gjøn amjes hredeșeí? Can you (speak) Radestrian? Amjese pýd vỉșt. I can (play) football. see: jást.

arut   /ˈarɤt/ v. Etym: as + -rut; MR. arrutt; OR. arrŭtt; PR. *arrɨht ← ass (one) + -rɨht. EN unite, unify. DE vereinigen. PL zjednoczyć. transitive. stem: aru-. npst: arui : aruva : aruș : aruvú. pst: aruei. npst adv: aruivú, arivú (archaic). pst adv: arủl, arúl (archaic). ger: arunș. see: as; -rut.

asfvast   /ˈasfast/ v. Etym: MR. asfłastt; OR. asflaðtt; PR. *asɸolðht; PH. *spholdh-; PL. *spʰoldʱ- (to hide). EN store, put away. transitive. stem: asfv[a^o]ƶ-. npst: asfvaþe : asfvaþa : asfvaþș : asfvoþú. pst: asfvozei. npst adv: asfvazivú. pst adv: asfvazúl. ger: asfvazunș.

asfvát   /ˈasfaːt/ v. Etym: MR. asfvahtt; OR. asfwahtt; PR. *asɸwahht; PH. *sphwóh-; PL. *spʰwoh- (to sprinkle). EN wash (non-fabrics), clean. transitive. stem: asfv[a^u]H-. npst: asfvai : asfvá : asfváș : asfvûú. pst: asfvușei. npst adv: asfvûșevú. pst adv: asfvavúl. ger: asfvaunș.

asírut   /aˈsiːrɤt/ v. Etym: MR. assírutt (to marvel at); OR. asþīrwtt (to behold); PR. *asθīrght; PH. *sthȳrḡ-; PL. *stʰiwrg- (to look).1 • EN admire, marvel at, revel at. DE bewundern.

2 • archaic. EN behold. transitive. stem: asierG̣-. npst: asierke : asierka : asierkș : asierkú. pst: asierdzei. npst adv: asírudzivú. pst adv: asiervúl. ger: asiervunș.

aut   /aut/ v. Etym: MR. autt; OR. awtt; PR. *aɣht (to lead; present ah-); PH. *agh-; PL. *ʔ(w)agʱ- (to secure, to lead). EN bring, take, lead. transitive, irregular*. stem: [a^o]v-. npst: ai* : á* : aș* : oú*. pst: ovei. npst adv: auvivú. pst adv: avúl. ger: avunș.

avaņt   /ˈavaŋt/ v. Etym: MR. avaņtt (gjøņ-, aveņ-); OR. ɣwæŋtt (ɣøŋj-); PR. *ɣwæŋht (ɣwèŋ-); PH. *ghwæŋ-; PL. *gʱwæŋ- (to hang).1 • EN send. DE schicken, senden. PL wysłać, przesłać, słać.

2 • EN serve (tennis, volleyball, badminton). transitive, irregular*. stem: av[a^e]ņ-, [ava^gjø]ņ- (literary). npst: avaņge : avaņga : avaņș : aveņgú, gjøņgú (literary). pst: aveņei, gjøņei (literary). npst adv: avaņivú. pst adv: avaņúl. ger: avaņunș.

axdrieft   /ˈaʒdrieft/ v. Etym: MR. axrévtt; OR. ajzrǫwtt; PR. *ajzǫrght; PH. *ajzɤ̄́rḡ-; PL. *n̥ɟ<záj>rg- ← *ᶮɟerg- (to be awake). EN enlighten. transitive. stem: axdríG̣-. npst: axdrieke : axdríka : axdriekș : axdríkú. pst: axdrídzei. npst adv: axdrievdzivú. pst adv: axdrívúl. ger: axdrívunș. Axdrívúk-age. I have been enlightened.

aznumt   /ˈaznɤmt/ v. Etym: MR. & OR. aznumtt; PR. *adnúmht (to milk); PH. *aḏnúm-; PL. *n̥d<nú>m- ← *ⁿdem- (milk). EN milk. transitive. stem: aznum-. npst: aznunve : aznunva : aznumș : aznunvú (aznunu). pst: aznumei. npst adv: aznûmivú. pst adv: aznumúl. ger: aznumunș.

bryeft   /brieft/ v. Etym: MR. brýftt; OR. brȳftt; PR. *bȳrɸht (to knead); PH. *bȳrph-; PL. *ᵐbiwrpʰ- (to compress). EN knead. transitive. stem: brýf-. npst: bryefe : bryefa : bryefș : bryefú. pst: brýfei. npst adv: bryefivú. pst adv: brýfúl. ger: brýfinș.

-bt   /pt/ aff. Etym: MR. & OR. -btt; PR. *-bht; PH. *-ɯḇ-; PL. *-(ɯ)b(ɯ)-. EN deadjectival (sometimes denominal) verbaliser. transitive. npst: -pe : -pa : -pș : -pú. pst: -bei. npst adv: -vivú. pst adv: -búl. ger: -b?nș. Notes likely from the bare *-b-, as the affix causes no stem raising; appended to the ajdectival stem (without -ș)

caost   /tsɔːst/ v. Etym: MR. côstt (to waste); OR. côþtt; PR. *côθht (to sacrifice); PH. *kjɔ̄th- (to offer up to the gods); PL. *k’jawtʰ- (to present). EN waste. DE verschwenden. transitive. stem: caoþ-. npst: caoþe : caoþa : caoþș : caoþú. pst: caoþei. npst adv: caosivú. pst adv: caoþúl. ger: caoþunș.

cièrbt   /ˈtsi.ɛrpt/ v. Etym: MR. celérbtt; OR. cerǫrbtt; PR. *cerǫrbht; PH. *kezɤ̄́rb-; PL. *k’ĭ<záj>rb- ← *k’yrb- (to eat). EN devour. transitive, irregular*. stem: cièrb-. npst: cièrpe : cièrpa : cièrpș : cièrpú. pst: cièrbei. npst adv: cièrubivú, círubivú* (archaic). pst adv: cièrbúl. ger: cièrbunș.

dánt   /daːnt/ v. Etym: MR. dántt; OR. dāntt; PR. *dānht (dôn-); PH. *ḏəḡán-; PL. *da<gá>n- ← *dan- (to recite). EN lull. PL kołysać. transitive. stem: d[á^ao]n-. npst: dánge : dánga : dánș : daongú. pst: daonei. npst adv: dánivú. pst adv: dánúl. ger: dánunș. grammar takes a dative object

dást   /daːst/ v. Etym: MR. dástt; OR. dǣþtt; PR. *dǣþht (to wield); PH. *ɟɛ̄th-; PL. *ᶮɟæjtʰ- (to grab). EN wield. transitive. stem: dáþ-. npst: dáþe : dáþa : dáþș : dáþú. pst: dáþei. npst adv: dásivú. pst adv: dáþúl. ger: dáþunș.

dâvocyt   /ˈdɤvɔtsit/ v. Etym: MR. dułłucytt; OR. dullŭcytt; PR. *dullɨcyht; PH. *ḏulləký-; PL. *dul-l̥k’ý- ← *dɯwl- (to be bright). EN let know, tell, inform. transitive. stem: dâvocy-. npst: dâvocye : dâvocyva : dâvocyș : dâvocyú. pst: dâvocyei. npst adv: dâvocývú. pst adv: dâvocyúl. ger: dâvocynș. grammar takes a dative object Dâvocye ran. I'll let you know.

deat   /dæːt/ v. Etym: MR. dehtt; OR. dehtt; PR. *dehht; PH. *deṯ-; PL. *ⁿdet- (to make). EN do, make. DE machen. PL robić, zrobić. transitive, irregular*. stem: d[e^i]H-. npst: dei : deà : deaș : diú, dy. pst: dișei. npst adv: deșevú. pst adv: devúl. ger: djenș*.

draut   /draut/ v. Etym: MR. drautt; OR. drawtt; PR. *derght; PH. *ɟerḡ-; PL. *ᶮɟerg- (to be awake). EN guard, protect. transitive, irregular*. stem: dr[a^e]G̣-. npst: drake : draka : drakș : drekú. pst: dredzei. npst adv: draudzivú. pst adv: dravúl. ger: dravunș. grammar takes a dative object

duot   /duot/ v. Etym: MR. dútt; OR. dŭvtt; PR. *dɨβht (to chase); PH. *dɯbh-; PL. *ⁿdɯbʱ- (to hunt). EN chase. DE jagen. PL gonić. transitive. stem: duv-. npst: dúe/duo/dûfe : dûva/dufa : duoș/dufș : dûvú/dufú. pst: duvei. npst adv: dúvivú. pst adv: duvúl. ger: duvunș.

dvumt   /dvɤmt/ v. Etym: MR. dvumtt; OR. dwomtt; PR. *dwomht; PH. *ḏwom-; PL. *dwom- (to say). EN say. DE sagen. PL powiedzieć, mówić. transitive. stem: dv[o^u]m-. npst: dvunve : dvunva : dvumș : dvunvú (dvonu). pst: dvumei. npst adv: dvûmivú. pst adv: dvomúl. ger: dvomunș.

dyest   /diest/ v. Etym: MR. dǿstt; OR. dęþtt; PR. *dęθht; PH. *ɟø̄th-; PL. *ᶮɟæwtʰ- (to weave). EN tangle. transitive. stem: dýþ-. npst: dyeþe : dýþa : dyeþs : dyeþú. pst: dýþei. npst adv: dyesivú. pst adv: dýþúl. ger: dýþinș.

dzjảt   /dʒaːːt/ v. Etym: MR. & OR. dzêhtt; PR. *dzêhht; PH. *gɛ̄́p̄-; PL. *ᵑgæjp- (to put). EN build, construct. DE bauen. PL budować, zbudować. transitive. stem: dzjáH-. npst: dzjáe : dzjả : dzjảș : dzjáú. pst: dzjáșei. npst adv: dzjáșevú. pst adv: dzjávúl. ger: dzjájnș.

dzyeat   /dziat/ v. Etym: MR. dzǿhtt; OR. dzø̄htt; PR. *dzęhht (to eat); PH. *ḡjø̄h-; PL. *gjæwh- (to swallow). EN eat. DE essen. PL jeść, zjeść. transitive. stem: dzýH-. npst: dzýe, dzye : dzyeà : dzyeaș : dzyeú, dzýú (proscribed), dzyø (colloquial). pst: dzýșei. npst adv: dzyeșevú. pst adv: dzývúl. ger: dzyejnș.

eljemt   /ˈɛjɛmt/ v. Etym: MR. elímtt; OR. ajðīmtt; PR. *ajðīmht (to order); PH. *ajðī́m-; PL. *n̥ɟ<dʱíb>m- ← *ᶮɟim- (to rectify). EN organise, arrange. transitive. stem: elím-. npst: eljenve : eljenva : eljemș : eljenvú (elínu). pst: elímei. npst adv: eljemivú. pst adv: elímúl. ger: elíminș.

fjert   /fjɛrt/ v. Etym: MR. fértt; OR. fǫrtt; PR. *ɸǫrht; PH. *phɤ̄r-; PL. *pʰajr- (to hide).1 • EN hide, conceal.

2 • EN keep secret, withhold, keep. transitive. stem: fír-. npst: fjerge : fjerga : fjerș : fjergú. pst: fírei. npst adv: fjerivú. pst adv: fírúl. ger: fírunș. see: fjers.

fjø·deat   /fjœˈdæːt/ v. Etym: fjø· + deat. EN overdo. transitive, irregular*. stem: fjø·d[e^i]H-. npst: fjø·dei : fjø·deà : fjø·deaș : fjø·diú, fjø·dy. pst: fjø·dișei. npst adv: fjø·deșevú. pst adv: fjø·devúl. ger: fjø·djenș*. see: fjø·; deat; fjødeat.

fjødeat   /ˈfjœdæːt/ v. Etym: fjø- + deat. EN complete, finish. transitive, irregular*. stem: fjød[e^i]H-. npst: fjødei : fjødeà : fjødeaș : fjødiú, fjødy. pst: fjødișei. npst adv: fjødeșevú. pst adv: fjødevúl. ger: fjødjenș*. see: fje; deat.

fjøspest   /ˈfjœspɛst/ v. Etym: fjø- + spest. EN calculate, evaluate, total. transitive. stem: fjøsp[e^i]ƶ-. npst: fjøspeþe : fjøspeþa : fjøspeþș : fjøspiþú. pst: fjøspizei. npst adv: fjøspezivú. pst adv: fjøspezúl. ger: fjøspezinș. see: fjø-; spest.

fjukt   /fjɤkt/ v. Etym: MR. fjuktt; OR. fjoktt; PR. *ɸjokht; PH. *phjok-; PL. *pʰjok’- (to heat up, to burn). EN cook, boil. DE kochen. PL gotować. transitive. stem: fj[o^u]k-. npst: fjûke : fjûka : fjukș : fjûkú. pst: fjucei. npst adv: fjûcivú. pst adv: fjokúl. ger: fjokunș.

fronușt   /ˈfrɔnɤʃt/ v. Etym: MR. frunuștt; OR. frŭnuštt; PR. *ɸrɨnušht; PH. *phrənúch-; PL. *pʰr̥<nú>cʰ- ← *pʰrycʰ- (to rip). EN wear, erode. transitive. stem: fronuș-. npst: fronûșe : fronûșa : fronușt : fronûșú. pst: fronușei. npst adv: fronûșevú. pst adv: fronușúl. ger: fronușunș.

fryșt   /friʃt/ v. Etym: MR. fryștt; OR. fryštt; PR. *ɸryšht (to break); PH. *phrych-; PL. *pʰrycʰ- (to rip). EN break. DE brechen. PL łamać, złamać. transitive. stem: fryș-. npst: fryșe : fryșa : fryș : fryșú. pst: fryșei. npst adv: fryșevú. pst adv: fryșúl. ger: fryșenș.

fvaft   /faft/ v. Etym: MR. pvaftt; OR. pwaftt; PR. *pwaɸht; PH. *pwaph-; PL. *p’wapʰ- (to obscure). EN blur, muddy. transitive. stem: fvaf-. npst: fvafe : fvafa : fvafș : fvafú. pst: fvafei. npst adv: fvafivú. pst adv: fvafúl. ger: fvafunș.

-gjáreķ   /jaːrɛtʃ/ aff. Etym: gjáreķ. EN multiply by, -uple. transitive. stem: -gjár[e^i]G-. npst: -gjáreke : -gjáreka : -gjárekș : -gjárikú. pst: -gjáridzei. npst adv: -gjáredxevú. pst adv: -gjáreúl. ger: -gjárjenș. grammar appended to the ordinal stem ategjáreķ to double. see: gjáreķ.

gjáreķ   /ˈjaːrɛtʃ/ v. Etym: MR. gjáreţţ; OR. gārejtt ← gārēr (multiple). EN multiply. transitive. stem: gjár[e^i]G-. npst: gjáreke : gjáreka : gjárekș : gjárikú. pst: gjáridzei. npst adv: gjáredxevú. pst adv: gjáreúl. ger: gjárjenș. Ljere gjárexdruvivú ljájúr deaș sjavaķenvier·ard. (Liregjaoriș ljáș deaș sjavaķenvier·ard.) Three multiplied by seven is twenty-one. see: gjárír.

hert   /hɛrt/ v. Etym: MR. & OR. herrtt; PR. *hirrhht (kiss); PH. *ṕír(ə)rkh- (love); PL. *pi<ɟŕ̥>rkʰ- (hold dear) ← *pajrkʰ- (rare/scarce). EN kiss. DE küssen. PL całować, pocałować. transitive. stem: herḤ-. npst: here : hera : herș : herú. pst: herșei. npst adv: herșevú. pst adv: hergúl. ger: herjenș.

hjeņt   /ʃɛŋt/ /çɛŋt/ v. Etym: MR. héņtt; OR. hǫŋtt; PR. *hǫŋht; PH. *ṯɤ̄ŋ-; PL. *tajŋ- (to press). EN print. DE drucken. transitive. stem: híņ-. npst: hjeņge : hjeņga : hjeņș : hjeņgú. pst: híņei. npst adv: hjeņivú. pst adv: híņúl. ger: híņunș.

hjeņyet   /ˈʃɛŋiet/ /ˈçɛŋiet/ v. Etym: MR. hjiņýtt; OR. hiŋȳtt; PR. *hiŋȳtht; PH. *ṯiŋȳ́t-; PL. *tiŋ-íwt’- ← *tajŋ- (to press). EN press. DE drücken. transitive. stem: hjeņýt-. npst: hjeņyete : hjeņyeta : hjeņyetș : hjeņyetú. pst: hjeņýșei. npst adv: hjeņyestivú. pst adv: hjeņýtúl. ger: hjeņýtinș.

hluort   /hluort/ v. Etym: MR. hluvurtt, hlúrt; OR. hrŭwortt; PR. *hrɨworhtt; PH. *hrəḵwúr-; PL. *sr̥(n)-kwur- ← *kwur- (to guard). EN lose, misplace. DE verlieren. PL gubić, zgubić. transitive, irregular*. stem: hlúr-. npst: hluorge : hluorga : hluorș : hruorgú. pst: hluorei*. npst adv: hluorivú. pst adv: hlúrúl. ger: hlúrunș.

hmyet   /hmiet/ v. Etym: MR. hmýtt; OR. hmȳtt; PR. *hmȳtht; PH. *hmȳt-; PL. *hm̥-íwtʼ- ← *hum- (to hear). EN listen to. DE zuhören. PL słuchać. transitive. stem: hmýt-. npst: hmyete : hmyeta : hmyetș : hmyetú. pst: hmýșei. npst adv: hmyestivú. pst adv: hmýtúl. ger: hmýtinș.

holuont   /ˈhɔluont/ v. Etym: MR. hulóntt; OR. huðōntt; PR. *huðōnht; PH. *khudhṓn-; PL. *kʰu<dʰób>n- ← *kʰon- (to lie down). EN lay, put, place, set (position into a 'horizontal' position). DE legen. transitive. stem: holún-. npst: holuonge : holuonga : holuonș : holuongú. pst: holúnei. npst adv: holuonivú. pst adv: holúnúl. ger: holúnunș. Notes Where there is no clear 'orientation', lorált is preferred, or alternatively skoluodt, which is considered neutral. Holúneș/Skolújeș drád er loráled. She put the book on the table. see: lorált ‘near-synonym referring to vertical positioning’; skoluodt.

høķ   /hœtʃ/ v. Etym: MR. høţţ; OR. højtt; PR. *hweɣht; PH. *ḵwegh-; PL. *kwegʱ- (to cling). EN hold, grasp, carry, clutch. transitive. stem: h[ø^y]j-. npst: høi : høja : højș : hyú. pst: hyei. npst adv: højvú. pst adv: højúl. ger: højnș.

hrarøat   /ˈhrarœat/ v. Etym: hra- + røat. EN take away, remove, subtract. transitive. stem: hrar[ø^y]H-. npst: hrarøi : hrarøà : hrarøaș : hraryú. pst: hraryșei. npst adv: hrarøșevú. pst adv: hrarøvúl. ger: hrarøjnș. grammar + ra (+gen) = to subtract from see: ra₂; røat.

hraslat   /ˈhraslat/ v. Etym: MR. hraslatt; OR. hratlætt ← hra (behind; out) + tlætt (to tell).1 • EN gossip about, spread rumours about, speculate on (to speak of/on X with second-hand knowledge).

2 • legal. EN speculate. transitive. stem: hrasl[a^e]Ḥ-. npst: hraslai : hraslá : hraslaș : hrasleú. pst: hrasleșei. npst adv: hraslaivú. pst adv: hraslagúl. ger: hraslainș. Hraslarúș… Rumour has it… see: ra₁; ra₂; slat.

hrylșt   /hrilʃt/ v. Etym: MR. hrylștt (to pay); OR. hrylštt; PR. *hrwylšht (to buy); PH. *p̄rwylch-; PL. *prwylcʰ- (to sell/buy). EN pay. DE zahlen, bezahlen. PL płacić. transitive. stem: hrylș-. npst: hrylșe : hrylșa : hrylș : hrylșú. pst: hrylșei. npst adv: hrylșevú. pst adv: hrylșúl. ger: hrylșenș. grammar takes a dative object

hvienslat   /ˈhvienslat/ v. Etym: MR. hłénslatt; OR. hlǫntlætt ← hłén (against) + tlætt (speak).1 • EN object (to), condemn.

2 • legal. EN object. transitive. stem: hviensl[a^e]Ḥ-. npst: hvienslai : hvienslá : hvienslaș : hviensleú. pst: hviensleșei. npst adv: hvienslașevú. pst adv: hvienslagúl. ger: hvienslainș. Hvienslai! Struoș hraslainșt. Objection! Calls for speculation. Hvienslai! Hraslarúș. Objection! Hearsay. see: vien; slat.

hvímaroat   /ˈhviːmarɔat/ v. Etym: hvíma- + roat.1 • EN deflect, block, parry, counter.

2 • EN counter-strike. transitive. stem: hvímar[o^u]H-. npst: hvímarui : hvímaroà : hvímaroaș : hvímarûú. pst: hvímarușei. npst adv: hvímarûșevú. pst adv: hvímarovúl. ger: hvímaruonș. see: hvímarâs; hvíma-; roat.

hvoláņt   /ˈhvɔlaːŋt/ v. Etym: MR. hłuláņtt; OR. hluðǣŋtt; PR. *hluðǣŋht (to discover); PH. *ḵludhǣ́ŋ- (to uncover); PL. *klu<dʱǽb>ŋ- ← *klæwŋ- (to be visible). EN find. transitive. stem: hvol[á^í]ņ-. npst: hvoláņge : hvoláņga : hvoláņș : hvoljeņgú. pst: hvolíņei. npst adv: hvoláņivú. pst adv: hvoláņúl. ger: hvoláņunș.

hvorjeat   /ˈhvɔrjæːt/ v. Etym: MR. hłuréhtt; OR. hlŭrǫhtt; PR. *hlɨrǫhht; PH. *p̄ləzɤ̄́h-; PL. *pl̥<záj>h- ← *plah- (to ask). EN beg for. PL błagać o. transitive. stem: hvoríH-. npst: hvorjei : hvorjeà : hvorjeaș : hvorjeú, hvorjø. pst: hvoríșei. npst adv: hvorjeșevú. pst adv: hvorívúl. ger: hvorívunș. grammar to beg someone (+dat) for (+acc)

hvyeķ   /hvietʃ/ v. Etym: MR. hvǿţţ; OR. hwø̄jtt; PR. *hwęght; PH. *ḵwø̄́ḡ-; PL. *kwewg- (to decide).1 • EN think.

2 • EN deem, think.

3 • EN rule (on) (decide judicially). transitive. stem: hvýG-. npst: hvyeke : hvýka : hvyekș : hvýkú. pst: hvýdzei. npst adv: hvýdxevú. pst adv: hvýúl. ger: hvyejnș. Hvyeke rast-ra. I am thinking of you. Hvyeke vast hújeș. I think it's weird. I deem it weird.

hýviķ   /ˈhiːvitʃ/ v. Etym: MR. h(v)ǿviţţ, h(v)ǿvítt; OR. hwø̄wītt; PR. *hwęwight; PH. *ḵwø̄́ḵwiḡ-; PL. *kwew~kweg- ← *kwewg- (to decide). EN contemplate, consider, think about, think over, think through. DE sich überlegen. transitive. stem: hýviG-. npst: hývike : hývika : hývikș : hývikú. pst: hývidzei. npst adv: hývidxevú, hývídzivú (archaic). pst adv: hýviúl. ger: hývjenș. Hývike vast. I'll think about it.

iebt   /iept/ v. Etym: MR. gjébbtt; OR. ɣǫbbtt; PR. *ɣǫhbht ← *ɣǫhs (hot) + *-bht. EN heat, heat up. DE heizen, erheizen. PL grzać, ogrzewać, ogrzać. transitive. stem: ieb-. npst: iepe : iepa : iepș : iepú. pst: iebei. npst adv: ievivú. pst adv: iebúl. ger: iebunș. see: ỉs; -bt.

inuot   /ˈinuot/ v. Etym: MR. inútt; OR. inuwtt; PR. *inuɣht (present inu(w)-); PH. *inúgh- (present inúkh-); PL. *ʔi<nú>gʱ- ← *ʔujgʱ- (to knead, to shape).1 • EN shape, mold, form.

2 • EN mint (coins). transitive, irregular*. stem: in[o^u]v-. npst: inúe (PR. *inuwur) : inova (PR. *inuwa) : inuș* (PR. *inuhși) : inovú. pst: inuvei. npst adv: inûvivú. pst adv: inovúl. ger: inovunș.

iravjedt   /iravjɛt/ v. Etym: MR. jrałédtt ← jra- + łédtt, synchronically ira- + vjedt. EN open. DE öffnen, aufmachen. PL otworzyć, otwierać. ant. vjedt. transitive. stem: iravíd-. npst: iravjete : iravíta : iravjetș : iravítú. pst: iravíei. npst adv: iravjezdivú. pst adv: iravídúl. ger: iravídunș. see: ira-; vjedt.

ișt   /iʃt/ v. Etym: MR. gjyștt; OR. gyštt; PR. *gwišht; PH. *ḡwich-; PL. *gwicʰ- (to ponder). EN plan. DE planen. PL planować. transitive. stem: iș-. npst: ișe : ișa : iș : ișú. pst: ișei. npst adv: ișevú. pst adv: ișúl. ger: ișenș.

jást   /jaːst/ v. Etym: MR. êsstt; OR. êþþtt; PR. *êhθht (to get to know; to conceive); PH. *ɛ̄́həth-; PL. *ʔæj~ʔætʰ- ← *ʔæjtʰ- (to perceive).1 • EN understand, comprehend, conceive, fathom. DE nachvollziehen, begreifen, verstehen.

2 • EN get to know, become acquainted with, learn of.

3 • EN mean, signify. DE bedeuten. transitive. stem: já[^e]s-, já[s^eþ]- (archaic). npst: jáse : jása : jáș : jáesú, jáeþú (archaic). pst: jáesei, jáeþei (archaic). npst adv: jásivú. pst adv: jásúl. ger: jásenș.

krát   /kraːt/ v. Etym: MR. krátt; OR. krātt; PR. *krwāht; PH. *krwō-; PL. *k’rwoʔ- (to prick). EN sew. transitive, irregular*. stem: kr[á^ú]-. npst: kráe : kráva : kráș : krúvú. pst: krúei : krủ. npst adv: kráșevú*. pst adv: kravúl*. ger: kruonș*.

kvalst   /kvalst/ v. Etym: MR. kvalstt; OR. kwalstt; PR. *kwalsht; PH. *kwals-; PL. *k’wals- (to care for).1 • EN care about, worry about, mind.

2 • EN (in the passive) matter, be important. transitive. stem: kv[a^u]ls-. npst: kvalse : kvalsa : kvalș : kvulsú. pst: kvulșei. npst adv: kvalsivú. pst adv: kvalsúl. ger: kvalsunș. Hjei kvalsta. I don't mind. Hjeaș kvalstruota. It doesn't matter.

lastrat   /ˈlastrat/ v. Etym: MR. lasratt; OR. lætlætt ← læ (in) + tlætt (to tell). EN convince of, talk into. PL wmawiać, wmówić. transitive. stem: lastr[a^e]Ḥ-. npst: lastrai : lastrá : lastraș : lastreú. pst: lastreșei. npst adv: lastrașevú. pst adv: lastragúl. ger: lastrainș. grammar The convinced is in the dative Vâs ven lastreșeș. He talked me into it. see: la; slat.

lát   /laːt/ v. Etym: MR. látt; OR. ðātt; PR. *ðāht; PH. *dhā-; PL. *dʱaʔ- (to drink). EN drink. DE trinken. PL pić, wypić, popić, napić się. intransitive, transitive, irregular*. stem: l[á^ú]-. npst: láe : láva : láș : lúvú. pst: lúei. npst adv: láșevú*. pst adv: lavúl*. ger: launș. see: lájra.

leķ   /lɛtʃ/ v. Etym: MR. leţţ; OR. ðejtt; PR. *ðejht; PH. *dhej-; PL. *dʱeɟ- (to clean). EN wash, clean, do laundry. PL prać. transitive. stem: l[ej^í]-. npst: leje : leja : lejș : líú. pst: líei. npst adv: lejevú. pst adv: lejúl. ger: ljenș. Notes refers to the washing of fabrics

lensgruot   /ˈlɛnzgruot/ v. Etym: MR. linsņrútt; OR. rinsŋrūtt; PR. *rinsŋūrhht; PH. *rinsŋū́rṯ-; PL. *rin-sŋɯwrt- ← *sŋɯwrt- (to hit). EN forge. DE schmieden. transitive. stem: lensgrúḤ-. npst: lensgrúe, lensgruo : lensgruoà : lensgruoș : lensgrú. pst: lensgrúșei. npst adv: lensgruoșevú. pst adv: lensgrúgúl. ger: lensgrúgunș.

liredt   /ˈlirɛt/ v. Etym: MR. lireddtt; OR. ðireddtt; PR. *ðirehdht; PH. *dhirép̄ɟ-; PL. *dʱe<rép>ɟ- ← *dʱeɟ- (to clean). EN wash (the body). transitive. stem: lir[e^i]d-. npst: lirete : lireta : liretș : liritú. pst: lirijei. npst adv: lirezdivú. pst adv: liredúl. ger: liredinș.

lorált   /ˈlɔraːlt/ v. Etym: MR. luráltt; OR. ruðāltt; PR. *ruðālht; PH. *swdhā́l-; PL. *sw<dʰáb>l- ← *swal- (to stand). EN put, place, set (position into a 'vertical' position). DE stellen. transitive. stem: lor[á^ú]l-. npst: lorálge : lorálga : lorálș : loruolgú. pst: lorúlei. npst adv: lorálivú. pst adv: lorávúl. ger: lorávunș. Notes Where there is no clear 'orientation', lorált is preferred, or alternatively skoluodt, which is considered neutral. Lorúleș/Skolbieș hlyevd er loráled. She put the wine (bottle) on the table. see: holuont ‘near-synonym referring to horizontal positioning’; skoluodt.

loroat   /ˈlɔrɔat/ v. Etym: MR. loruhtt; OR. roruhtt; PR. *roruhht; PH. *róruh-; PL. *ro~roh- ← *roh- (to strike). EN hurt, injure. transitive. stem: loruH-, lor[o^u]H- (proscribed). npst: lorui : loroà : loroaș : lorûú. pst: lorușei. npst adv: lorûșevú. pst adv: loruvúl, lorovúl (proscribed). ger: loruonș.

lvoat   /lvɔat/ v. Etym: MR. lvuhtt; OR. ðwuhtt; PR. *ðwuhht (to know, to be familiar with); PH. *dhwup̄-; PL. *dʱwup- (to expect). EN know, be familiar with, recognise. DE kennen. PL znać. transitive. stem: lvuH-. npst: lvui : lvoà : lvoaș : lvûú. pst: lvușei. npst adv: lvûșevú. pst adv: lvuvúl. ger: lvuonș. Hjei rask lvoata. I don't know you.

lynt   /lint/ v. Etym: MR. lyntt; OR. lyntt; PR. *lwinhht; PH. *lwinḵ-; PL. *lwi(n)k- (to throw). EN leave, quit, abandon. DE verlassen. transitive. stem: lynḤ-. npst: lyne : lyna : lynș : lynú. pst: lynșei. npst adv: lynșevú. pst adv: lyngúl. ger: lynjenș.

orast   /ˈɔrast/ v. Etym: MR. avrasstt; OR. awræzztt; PR. *agræhzht; PH. *aḡrǽp̄z-; PL. *ŋ̊g<rǽp>z- ← PL. *ᵑgæz- (to invoke). EN sing. intransitive, transitive. stem: or[a^e]z-. npst: orase : orasa : oraș : oresú. pst: orezei. npst adv: orazivú. pst adv: orazúl. ger: orazenș.

pjest   /pjɛst/ v. Etym: MR. péstt; OR. pǫþtt; PR. *pǫθht (to leave); PH. *pɤ̄th-; PL. *p’ojtʰ- (to let go). EN leave (behind). DE lassen. PL zostawić. transitive. stem: píþ-. npst: pjeþe : pjeþa : pjeþș : pjeþú. pst: píþei. npst adv: pjesivú. pst adv: píþúl. ger: píþunș. Hjei rask pjesta steral. I won't leave you here.

razvdt   /rasft/ /rast/ v. Etym: MR. razvdtt, razudtt; OR. ræðvdtt; PR. *ræðbdht; PH. *sǽdhəḇɟ-; PL. *sæ<dʱæb>ɟ- ← *sæɟ- (to make sounds).1 • EN play (music), make music. DE spielen.

2 • EN play (audio; IT). transitive. stem: razvd-, raz[v^ø]*d- (archaic). npst: rasfte : rasfta : rasftș : rasftú, razøtú*. pst: razvjei, razøjei*. npst adv: razvzdivú. pst adv: razvdúl. ger: razvdenș. grammar the music played is in the accusative, whereas the instrument is in the instrumental Variants razudt (razote; razojei). see: rezodír.

reft   /rɛft/ v. Etym: MR. reftt; OR. reftt; PR. *irɸht; PH. *irph-; PL. *ʔirpʰ- (to writhe). EN weave. transitive. stem: ref-. npst: refe : refa : refș : refú. pst: refei. npst adv: refivú. pst adv: refúl. ger: refinș.

-revieķ   /rɛvietʃ/ aff. Etym: revieķ.1 • EN cut into, divide into, split into.

2 • EN divide by (mathematics). transitive. stem: -rev[ie^í]G-. npst: -revieke : -revieka : -reviekș : -revíkú. pst: -revídzei. npst adv: -reviedxevú. pst adv: -revieúl. ger: -revỉenș. grammar appended to the ordinal stem lirerevieķ to divide by three, cut into thirds. see: revieķ.

revieķ   /rɛˈvietʃ/ v. Etym: MR. rivieţţ; OR. riviejtt ← riviēr (part).1 • EN part, divide, split.

2 • EN divide (mathematics). transitive. stem: rev[ie^í]G-. npst: revieke : revieka : reviekș : revíkú. pst: revídzei. npst adv: reviedxevú. pst adv: revieúl. ger: revỉenș. Sjavaķenvier·as reviexdruvivú ljájúr deaș ljerd. (Sjavaķenvier·as liereviexdruvivú deaș ljerd.) Twenty-one divded by seven is three. see: revỉr.

rjet   /rjɛt/ v. Etym: MR. (la)rétt, reanalysed as la + rétt; OR. rarǫttt; PR. *rarǫtht; PH. *sazɤ̄́t-; PL. *(s)n̥<záj>t’- ← PL. *(s)nat’- (to become).1 • EN realise, make real. DE realisieren.

2 • EN happen, occur (passive). transitive. stem: rít-. npst: rjete : rjeta : rjetș : rjetú. pst: ríșei. npst adv: rjestivú. pst adv: rítúl. ger: rítunș. Variants larjet ‘archaic’. Rjetrúș. It's happening.

rlâzierdt   /ˈrlɤziert/ v. Etym: MR. (r)luzzérdtt; OR. lrŭzzǫrdtt; PR. *lrɨhzǫrdht; PH. *lrəp̄zɤ̄́rd-; PL. *l<r̥p><záj>rd- ← *lɯrd- (to see). EN show. DE zeigen. transitive. stem: rlâzierd-. npst: rlâzierte : rlâzierta : rlâziertș : rlâziertú. pst: rlâzierjei. npst adv: rlâzierzdivú. pst adv: rlâzierdúl. ger: rlâzierdunș. Variants lâzierdt. Rlâziertra. Show me.

rneat   /rnæːt/ v. Etym: MR. rnehtt; OR. rnehtt; PR. *rnehht; PH. *snep̄-; PL. *(s)nep- (to cut). EN cut (into). transitive. stem: rn[e^i]H-. npst: rnei : rneà : rneaș : rniú. pst: rnișei. npst adv: rneșevú. pst adv: rnevúl. ger: rnienș.

rņelfeat   /ˈrŋɛlfæːt/ v. Etym: rņelfíș + -at. EN regret. DE bedauern. PL żałować. transitive. stem: rņelfea-. npst: rņelfeae : rņelfeava : rņelfeaș : rņelfeavú. pst: rņelfeaei. npst adv: rņelfeaìvú. pst adv: rņelfeaúl. ger: rņelfeanș. grammar takes a genitive object see: rņelfíș; -at.

rņuoft   /rŋuoft/ v. Etym: MR. rņóftt; OR. rŋōftt; PR. *rŋwǫɸht; PH. *sŋwɤph-; PL. *sŋwajpʰ- (to constrict). EN squeeze. transitive. stem: rņúf-. npst: rņuofe : rņuofa : rņuofș : rņuofú. pst: rņúfei. npst adv: rņuofivú. pst adv: rņúfúl. ger: rņúfunș.

roat   /rɔat/ v. Etym: MR. ruhtt; OR. rohtt; PR. *rohht; PH. *roh-; PL. *roh- (to strike). EN strike, collide with. transitive. stem: r[o^u]H-. npst: rui : roà : roaș : rûú. pst: rușei. npst adv: rûșevú. pst adv: rovúl. ger: ruonș. see: râs.

røat   /rœat/ v. Etym: MR. røhtt; OR. røhtt; PR. *rwehht; PH. *rweḵ-; PL. *rwek- (to hold/find). EN take. DE nehmen. PL brać, wziąć. transitive. stem: r[ø^y]H-. npst: røi : røà : røaș : ryú. pst: ryșei. npst adv: røșevú. pst adv: røvúl. ger: røjnș.

-rt   /-rt/ aff. Etym: MR. -rtt; OR. -rtt; PR. *-rht; PH. *V-r-; PL. *-r̥-. EN denominal verbaliser. intransitive, transitive. stem: -r-. npst: -rge : -rga : -rș : -rgú. pst: -rei. npst adv: -rivú. pst adv: -rúl (archaic). ger: -rVnș. Variants -rut ‘after non-light stems’.

ruopt   /ruopt/ v. Etym: MR. róptt; OR. rōptt; PR. *owurpht (to call out); PH. *óhurp-; PL. *ʔo~ʔorp’- ← *ʔorp’- (to cry, to complain). EN call, cry out to, beckon. transitive. stem: rúp-. npst: ruope : ruopa : ruopș : ruopú. pst: rúpei. npst adv: ruofivú. pst adv: rúpúl. ger: rúpunș. grammar governs the dative

-rut   /-rut/ aff. Etym: MR. -rutt; OR. -rŭtt; PR. *-rɨht; PH. *-rə-; PL. *-r̥-. EN denominal verbaliser. intransitive, transitive. stem: -ru-. npst: -rui : -ruva : -ruș : -ruvú. pst: -ruei. npst adv: -ruivú, -rivú (archaic). pst adv: -rủl, -rúl (archaic). ger: -runș. Notes reanalysed as a light stem Variants -rt ‘after light stems’.

ryezvat   /ˈriezvat/ v. Etym: from earlier iryezvat; MR. jrǿzłatt; OR. jrø̄ðlatt; PR. *jręðɨlhht; PH. *jrø̄́dhəlt-; PL. *ɟræw<dʱæb>lt- ← *ɟræwlt- (to pass, to go by). EN end, finish, complete, put an end to, bring to an end, terminate. DE beenden. transitive. stem: ryezvaḤ-. npst: ryezvai : ryezvá : ryezvaș : ryezvaú. pst: ryezvașei. npst adv: ryezvașevú. pst adv: ryezvagúl. ger: ryezvagenș.

sjáft   /ʃaːft/ v. Etym: MR. șávtt; OR. šǣwtt (šǣh-; šôwj-); PR. *šǣ·aɣht ← *šǣ + aɣht. EN bring. DE bringen. PL przynosić, przynieść. transitive, irregular*. stem: sj[á^ao]v-. npst: sjáe* : sjá* : sjáș* : sjaoú*. pst: sjaovei. npst adv: sjávivú. pst adv: sjávúl. ger: sjávunș. see: sjá; aut.

sĵákt   /sjaːkt/ v. Etym: MR. slêktt; OR. tlêktt; PR. *têlkht; PH. *tɛ̄́lk-; PL. *t’æjlk’- (to suck, to soak). EN suck. DE saugen. PL ssać. transitive. stem: sĵák-. npst: sĵáke : sĵáka : sĵákș : sĵákú. pst: sĵácei. npst adv: sĵácivú. pst adv: sĵákúl. ger: sĵácenș.

sjelt   /ʃɛlt/ v. Etym: MR. șeltt; OR. šeltt; PR. *šelht; PH. *c̱el-; PL. *cel- (to know). EN know. DE wissen. PL wiedzieć. transitive. stem: sjel-. npst: sjelge : sjelga : sjelș : sjelgú. pst: sjelei. npst adv: sjelivú. pst adv: sjevúl. ger: sjelinș.

sjient   /ʃient/ v. Etym: MR. șéntt; OR. šǫntt; PR. *šǫnht (to write); PH. *c̱ɤ̄n-; PL. *cajn- (to scratch). EN write. DE schreiben. PL pisać, napisać. transitive. stem: sjín-. npst: sjienge : sjienga : sjienș : sjiengú. pst: sjínei. npst adv: sjienivú. pst adv: sjínúl. ger: sjínunș.

sjyst   /ʃist/ v. Etym: MR. șystt; OR. šyðtt; PR. *šyðht; PH. *sjydh-; PL. *sjydʱ- (to trust). EN marry (enter into marriage with). transitive. stem: sjyƶ-. npst: sjyþe : sjyþa : sjyþș : sjyþú. pst: sjyzei. npst adv: sjyzivú. pst adv: sjyzúl. ger: sjyzinș. grammar takes a dative object

skaomt   /skɔːmt/ v. Etym: MR. skômtt; OR. skômtt; PR. *skômht; PH. *skɔ̄m-; PL. *(s)kawm- (to remember). EN remember, recall. transitive. stem: skaom-. npst: skaonve : skaonva : skaomș : skaonvú (skaonu). pst: skaomei. npst adv: skaomivú. pst adv: skaomúl. ger: skaomunș. see: skaombre ‘noun’.

skoluodt   /ˈskɔluot/ v. Etym: MR. skuluvdtt; OR. skuðuvdtt; PR. *skuðubdht; PH. *skúdhuḇɟ-; PL. *sku<dʱub>ɟ- ← *skuɟ- (to sit). EN put (down). transitive. stem: skolúd-. npst: skoluote : skolúta : skoluotș : skolútú. pst: skolújei. npst adv: skoluozdivú. pst adv: skolúdúl. ger: skolúdunș. Notes While neutral regarding placement position (as opposed to lorált and holuont), this verb mainly conveys the mere act of relinquishing from one's grasp (in a controlled manner, i.e. not dropping), whereas with lorált and holuont, the focus is more on the destination. Skolújeș hlyevd er loráled. She put (down) the wine (bottle) on the table. (focus on the act). Lorúleș hlyevd er loráled. She put the wine (bottle) on the table. (focus on the destination; placed vertically). Skolújeș drád er loráled. She put (down) the book on the table. (focus on the act). Holúneș drád er loráled. She put the book on the table. (focus on the destination; placed horizontally). see: lorált; holuont.

skonumt   /ˈskɔnɤmt/ v. Etym: MR. skunumtt; OR. skunumtt; PR. *skunumht (to remember); PH. *skunúm-; PL. *(s)ku<nú>m- ← *(s)kawm- (to opine). EN reminisce. PL rozpamiętywać. transitive. stem: skonum-. npst: skonunve : skonunva : skonumș : skonunvú (skonunu). pst: skonumei. npst adv: skonûmivú. pst adv: skonumúl. ger: skonumunș. Variants sko'mt ‘colloquial’. see: skaomt.

slabt   /slapt/ v. Etym: MR. slæbtt; OR. stlæbtt; PR. *stælbht; PH. *stælḇ-; PL. *(s)tælb- (to beat). EN hit, strike, beat. DE schlagen. transitive. stem: slab-. npst: slape : slapa : slapș : slapú. pst: slabei. npst adv: slaubivú. pst adv: slabúl. ger: slabunș.

slat   /slat/ v. Etym: MR. slatt; OR. tlætt; PR. *telhht; PH. *telkh-; PL. *t’elkʰ- (to count, to arrange). archaic. EN tell. DE erzählen. transitive. stem: sl[a^e]Ḥ-. npst: slai : slá : slaș : sleú. pst: sleșei. npst adv: slașevú. pst adv: slagúl. ger: slainș.

spent   /spɛnt/ v. Etym: MR. spentt; OR. spentt; PR. *spenht (to steal); PH. *spen-; PL. *(s)pen- (to take). EN steal. transitive. stem: sp[e^i]n-. npst: spenge : spenga : spenș : spingú. pst: spinei. npst adv: spenivú. pst adv: spenúl. ger: speninș.

spest   /spɛst/ v. Etym: MR. spistt; OR. spiðtt; PR. *spiðht; PH. *spidh-; PL. *spidʱ- (to measure). EN count, calculate. transitive. stem: sp[e^i]ƶ-. npst: speþe : speþa : speþș : spiþú. pst: spizei. npst adv: spezivú. pst adv: spezúl. ger: spezinș.

spjânunt   /ˈspjɤnɤnt/ v. Etym: MR. spinuntt (to read); OR. spinuntt; PR. *spinunht (to take); PH. *spinún-; PL. *(s)pi<nú>n- ← *(s)pen- (to grab). EN read. DE lesen. PL czytać, przecztyać. transitive. stem: spjânun-. npst: spjânunge : spjânunga : spjânunș : spjânungú. pst: spjânunei. npst adv: spjânûnivú. pst adv: spjânunúl. ger: spjânununș.

stalt   /stalt/ v. Etym: MR. staltt; OR. stæltt; PR. *stælht; PH. *stæl- (to continue); PL. *stæ(j)l- (to stick/remain).1 • EN continue, keep at (something), stick with, keep (doing).

2 • EN continue to be, keep being. transitive. stem: stal-. npst: stalge : stalga : stalș : stalgú. pst: stalei. npst adv: stalivú. pst adv: stavúl. ger: stalenș. grammar sense 1 can take an accusative object or infinitive; sense 2 can take an instrumental object or adjective grammar using huot or hjeat after this verb is ungrammatical Stalguoste drávid kjelvusk. We're continuing (with) the book today. Staleș nirand asierft. He continued to revel at the night sky. / She kept marvelling at the night sky. Stalș dzmerș vangúr! He's still our father! Gjaoriș stalș... It's still a lot...

stenuot   /ˈstɛnuot/ v. Etym: MR. stinútt; OR. scinuwtt; PR. *scinuɣht; PH. *skjnúgh-; PL. *skj<nú>gʱ- ← *skjogʱ- (to fret). EN scare, worry. transitive. stem: stenuv-. npst: stenúe, stenuo : stenuva : stenuoș : stenuvú. pst: stenuvei. npst adv: stenûvivú. pst adv: stenuvúl. ger: stenuonș.

strast   /strast/ v. Etym: MR. strastt; OR. straztt; PR. *storzht (to relinquish); PH. *storz-; PL. *storz- (to abandon). EN lose (cease possession of; permanently). PL tracić. transitive. stem: str[a^o]z-. npst: strase : strasa : straș : strosú. pst: strozei. npst adv: strazivú. pst adv: strazúl. ger: strazunș. Notes does not mean to misplace

strøbt   /strœpt/ v. Etym: MR. crøbtt; OR. crøbtt; PR. *cyrbht; PH. *kyrḇ-; PL. *k’yrb- (to eat). EN eat (of animals; derogatory). DE fressen. PL żreć. transitive. stem: strøb-. npst: strøpe : strøpa : strøpș : strøpú. pst: strøbei. npst adv: strøvivú. pst adv: strøbúl. ger: strøbinș.

struot   /struot/ v. Etym: MR. strútt; OR. strūtt; PR. *stūrhht; PH. *stūrḵ-; PL. *stɯwrk- (to prefer).1 • EN ask for, request.

2 • EN demand, require, call for. transitive. stem: strúḤ-. npst: strúe, struo : struoà : struoș : struoú, strủ (proscribed). pst: strúșei. npst adv: struoșevú. pst adv: strúgúl. ger: struonș.

svalkt   /svalkt/ v. Etym: MR. słalktt; OR. slalktt; PR. *slwalkht; PH. *slwalk-; PL. *slwalk’- (to rend).1 • EN separate, split, sunder.

2 • EN divorce. transitive. stem: svalk-. npst: svalke : svalka : svalkș : svalkú. pst: svalcei. npst adv: svalcivú. pst adv: svalkúl. ger: svalkunș.

șvovjeat   /ˈʃvɔvjæːt/ v. Etym: MR. șłovêhtt; OR. šlovêhtt; PR. *šulβêhht; PH. *ṯjulbhɛ̄́ṯ-; PL. *tjul-bʱǽjt- ← *tjɯwl- (to think). EN inspire. transitive. stem: șvovíH-. npst: șvovjei : șvovjeà : șvovjeaș : șvovjeú. pst: șvovíșei. npst adv: șvovjeșevú. pst adv: șvovívúl. ger: șvovívunș. grammar takes a dative object

tjiet   /tʃiet/ v. Etym: MR. tjítt; OR. tjûtt; PR. *tjɨ̄tht (to follow); PH. *cjɯ̄t-; PL. *c’jɯjt’- (to chase). EN follow. DE folgen. transitive. stem: tjít-. npst: tjiete : tjieta : tjietș : tjietú. pst: tjíșei. npst adv: tjiestivú. pst adv: tjítúl. ger: tjítunș. grammar governs the accusative

tojeat   /ˈtɔjæːt/ v. Etym: MR. & OR. tavêhtt; PR. *taβêhht; PH. *cabhɛ̄́ṯ-; PL. *c’m̥-bʱǽjt- ← *c’am- (heart). EN love. DE lieben. PL kochać. transitive. stem: toíH-. npst: tojei : tojeà : tojeaș : tojeú. pst: toíșei. npst adv: tojeșevú. pst adv: toívúl. ger: toívunș. grammar takes a dative object or an infinitive Tojei ran! I love you! Tojeaș fjukt. He loves to cook.

tuort   /tuort/ v. Etym: MR. túrtt; OR. tūrtt; PR. *tūrht; PH. *cūs- (to give); PL. *c’ɯws- (to distribute). EN give. transitive. stem: túr-. npst: tuorge : tuorga : tuorș : tuorgú. pst: túrei. npst adv: tuorivú. pst adv: túrúl. ger: túrunș.

tvumt   /tvɤmt/ v. Etym: MR. tvumtt; OR. twomtt; PR. *twomht; PH. *cwom-; PL. *c’wom- (to cry/call). EN address, speak to. transitive. stem: tv[o^u]m-. npst: tvunve : tvunva : tvumș : tvunvú (tvonu). pst: tvumei. npst adv: tvûmivú. pst adv: tvomúl. ger: tvomunș. grammar takes a dative object

tyrjelt   /ˈtirjɛlt/ v. Etym: MR. tyréltt; OR. tyrǫltt; PR. *twirǫlht; PH. *twizɤ̄́l-; PL. *t’wi<záj>l- ← *t’wajl- (to lean, to bend). EN fold. DE falten. PL giąć, zgiąć. transitive. stem: tyríl-. npst: tyrjelge : tyrjelga : tyrjelș : tyrjelgú. pst: tyrílei. npst adv: tyrjelivú. pst adv: tyrílúl. ger: tyrílunș.

vámt   /vaːmt/ v. Etym: MR. vámtt; OR. vāmtt; PR. *βāmht (to want); PH. *bhām- (to consider good); PL. *bʱag-m̥- ← *bʱag- (to be good). EN want. DE wollen. PL chcieć. transitive. stem: v[á^ao]m-. npst: vánve : vánva : vámș : vaonvú (vánu). pst: vaomei. npst adv: vámivú. pst adv: vámúl. ger: vámunș. grammar can take an infinitival object

vardt   /vart/ v. Etym: MR. łartt; OR. lardtt; PR. *lɨrdht; PH. & PL. *lɯrd- (to see). EN see. transitive. stem: vard-. npst: varte : varta : vartș : vartú. pst: varjei. npst adv: varzdivú. pst adv: vardúl. ger: vardunș.

vjáft   /vjaːft/ v. Etym: MR. & OR. vêvtt; PR. *βêβhht; PH. *bhɛ̄́bhəṯ-; PL. *bʱæj~bʱæt- ← *bʱæjt- (to give). EN relinquish, give up. transitive. stem: vjávH-. npst: vjáve : vjáva : vjávș : vjávú. pst: vjávșei. npst adv: vjávșevú. pst adv: vjávúl. ger: vjávenș.

vjảt   /vjaːːt/ v. Etym: MR. & OR. vêhtt; PR. *βêhht; PH. *bhɛ̄́ṯ-; PL. *bʱæjt- (to give). EN add. transitive. stem: vjáH-. npst: vjáe : vjả : vjảș : vjáú. pst: vjáșei. npst adv: vjáșevú. pst adv: vjávúl. ger: vjájnș. grammar add something (+acc) to something (+dat)

vjeat   /vjæːt/ v. Etym: MR. véhtt; OR. vǫhtt; PR. *βǫhht; PH. *bhɤ̄ṯ-; PL. *bʱajt- (to carry). EN carry, bear. DE tragen. PL nosić, nieść. transitive. stem: víH-. npst: vjei : vjeà : vjeaș : vjeú, vjø. pst: víșei. npst adv: vjeșevú. pst adv: vívúl. ger: vívunș.

vjedt   /vjɛt/ v. Etym: MR. łédtt; OR. lǫdtt; PR. *lǫdht; PH. *lɤ̄d-; PL. *lajd- (to enclose). EN close, shut. DE schließen. PL zamknąć, zamykać. ant. iravjedt. transitive. stem: víd-. npst: vjete : víta : vjetș : vítú. pst: víei. npst adv: vjezdivú. pst adv: vídúl. ger: vídunș.

vjuolt   /vjuolt/ v. Etym: MR. vjúltt; OR. vjūltt; PR. *βjūltht; PH. *bhjūlc-; PL. *bʱjɯwlc’- (to care). EN like, please. DE gefallen, mögen. PL podobać się, lubić. transitive. stem: vjuolt-. npst: vjuolte : vjuolta : vjuoltș : vjuoltú. pst: vjuolșei. npst adv: vjuolstivú. pst adv: vjuoltúl. ger: vjuoltunș. grammar takes a dative subject and can take an infinitival object, but can also be used impersonally Ven vjuoltș kjeș drávre. I like this book. Hjeaș ven vjuolta vlyegt. I don't like being drunk. Vjuolșeș! It was nice!

vyet   /viet/ v. Etym: changed from vjyet in a spelling reform; MR. vjýtt; OR. vjȳtt; PR. *βijȳtht (to commence); PH. *bhiḵȳ́t-; PL. *bʱik-íwt’- ← *bʱek- (to arise). EN try, attempt. transitive. stem: výt-. npst: vyete : vyeta : vyetș : vyetú. pst: výșei. npst adv: vyestivú. pst adv: výtúl. ger: výtinș. grammar can take a genitive object or an infinitive; can also technically take a supine if particular intent is implied Mytaris vyetra! Try the apples! Mo', vaúb výtúl-úe. Well, I've tried my best. Dzyeat vyestivú húe. I'm trying to eat. Výșei mytard dzyeatúr. I tried to eat the apple (made an effort to).

vyt   /vit/ v. Etym: MR. & OR. vytt; PR. *βytht; PH. *bhyt-; PL. *bʱyt’- (to watch). EN witness, bear witness to, observe. transitive. stem: vyt-. npst: vyte : vyta : vytș : vytú. pst: vyșei. npst adv: vystivú. pst adv: vytúl. ger: vytinș.

zlyemt   /zliemt/ v. Etym: MR. zlǿmtt; OR. dlø̄mtt; PR. *dlwêmht; PH. *ḏlwɛ̄́m-; PL. *dlwæjm- (to protect). EN manage, handle, take, get by with, deal with. transitive. stem: zlým-. npst: zlyenve : zlyenva : zlyemș : zlyenvú (zlýnu). pst: zlýmei. npst adv: zlyemivú. pst adv: zlýmúl. ger: zlýminș.

þaôt   /θɔat/ v. Etym: MR. & OR. þôhtt; PR. *θôhht; PH. *thɔ̄h-; PL. *tʰawh- (to thrust). EN throw. DE werfen. transitive. stem: þaoH-. npst: þaoi : þaoà : þaôș : þaoú. pst: þaoșei. npst adv: þaoșevú. pst adv: þaovúl. ger: þaovunș.

þrát   /θraːt/ v. Etym: MR. þrátt; OR. þrātt; PR. *θrwāht (to till); PH. *thrwō-; PL. *tʰrwoʔ- (to plough). EN cultivate, grow. DE anbauen. transitive, irregular*. stem: þr[á^ú]-. npst: þráe : þráva : þráș : þrúvú. pst: þrúei. npst adv: þráșevú*. pst adv: þravúl*. ger: þruonș*.

þvânt   /θvɤnt/ v. Etym: MR. þvuntt; OR. þwontt; PR. *θwonhht (to tend to); PH. *thwonḵ-; PL. *tʰwo(n)k- (to heal).1 • EN care for, tend to, treat.

2 • EN deal with, sort out. transitive. stem: þvânḤ-. npst: þvâne : þvâna : þvânș : þvânú. pst: þvânșei. npst adv: þvânșevú. pst adv: þvângúl. ger: þvângunș.